Body adhering absorbent article

ABSTRACT

A feminine care absorbent article includes an absorbent structure configured for disposition adjacent a female wearer&#39;s vaginal region to absorb bodily fluids discharged by the wearer. A shell is provided for supporting the absorbent structure at the vaginal region. The shell has a body-facing surface and a garment-facing surface. The body-facing surface has an adhesive thereon for adhering the shell directly to the wearer&#39;s body. The adhesive has a non-uniform adhesive pattern.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/182,937 filed Jul. 30, 2008, which is a continuation-in-partapplication of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/890,093 filed Aug. 3,2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/005,793 filed Dec. 28,2007. Each of these applications is hereby incorporated by reference inits entirety.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates generally to an absorbent article forabsorbing bodily fluids.

Absorbent personal care articles intended to absorb discharged bodilyfluids are well known in the art. Such absorbent articles generallycomprise a fibrous mass or other absorbent core which can absorb andhold body fluids. Similarly, it is well known that feminine carearticles have been employed to absorb and hold liquids, such as urineand/or menses. A typical structure of an absorbent article includes afluid impermeable back sheet, a fluid permeable top sheet and anabsorbent core positioned between the back sheet and the top sheet.Prior absorbent articles have also included various other features toimprove fluid handling, such as intake layers, distribution layers,retention layers and the like. In these absorbent personal carearticles, the top sheet is the body-facing side of the absorbent articleand the back sheet is the garment-facing side of the absorbent article.

Generally, the absorbent articles are held in place during use by usingthe wearer's waist and elastic materials in the waist portion of theabsorbent product in place during use, in the case of pant-likegarments, such as diapers and training pants, or by attaching theabsorbent article to the underwear or undergarment of a wearer, in thecase of pads or liners. Current methods of attaching the absorbentarticle to the underwear or undergarment of a wearer include placing anadhesive on the garment-facing side of the back sheet, having optionalflaps (wings) that extend from the longitudinal sides of the absorbentarticle which wrap around the crotch portion of the underwear orundergarment of the wearer and a combination of the adhesive and theflaps.

It has also been suggested to use an adhesive to adhere the absorbentarticle to the skin of the wearer. However, the design of theseabsorbent articles was essentially the same as the absorbent articleswhich were attached to the underwear or undergarment of the wearer. Thatis, the adhesive is applied to the body-facing surface of the top sheet.Alternatively, in another design, a portion of the back sheet waswrapped around and over the top sheet. This portion of the back sheetwhich is wrapped around and over the top sheet becomes a body facingsurface. An adhesive is applied to the portion of the back sheet whichis wrapped over the top sheet. While these designs were effective foradhering the absorbent article to the skin of a wearer, these absorbentarticles were not comfortable for wearers to wear, since the shape andsize of the absorbent articles were the same as those absorbent articleswhich were attached to the undergarment or underwear of the wearer.

Similarly, absorbent articles that are attached to the underwear orundergarment of a wearer can also be uncomfortable for the wearer. Thisis because during normal movement of the body, portions of the bodyplace opposed forces on the undergarment, which may cause theundergarment to be bunched or twisted. When this occurs, any absorbentarticle attached to the underwear or undergarment may also becomebunched or twisted, causing discomfort to the wearer of the absorbentarticle. For example, the presence and absence of pressure from theabsorbent article on the inner thighs as the wearer moves, which isoften described by wearers as feeling “like a diaper”, is one sourcewhich compromises comfort for wearers of conventional absorbentarticles, including liners, ultra-thin absorbent pads and maxi pads. Inaddition, the movement of the wearer or deformation of the underwearwhile being worn may also cause the absorbent article to have a poor fitagainst the body of the wearer, which could result in leaks from theabsorbent article.

Another disadvantage of conventional absorbent articles is that thesilhouette or outline of the absorbent article may be visible to othersthrough the clothing of the wearer. Even currently available ultra-thinabsorbent articles may be visible through tight fitting outer clothingof a wearer. Therefore, conventional absorbent personal care articles donot always provide discretion for wearers.

There is a need in the art to provide wearers of absorbent articles witha discrete absorbent product, which is as easy to use as a conventionalpad and is comfortable to wear and will effectively prevent or reducepremature leakage from the absorbent article.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a feminine care absorbent article generally comprises anabsorbent structure configured for disposition adjacent a femalewearer's vaginal region to absorb bodily fluids discharged by thewearer. A shell is provided for supporting the absorbent structure atthe vaginal region. The shell has a body-facing surface and agarment-facing surface. The body-facing surface has an adhesive thereonfor adhering the shell directly to the wearer's body. The adhesive has anon-uniform adhesive pattern.

In another aspect, a feminine care absorbent article generally comprisesan absorbent structure configured for disposition adjacent a femalewearer's vaginal region to absorb bodily fluids discharged by thewearer. A shell is provided for supporting the absorbent structure atthe vaginal region. The shell has a body-facing surface and agarment-facing surface. The body-facing surface has an adhesive thereonfor adhering the shell directly to the wearer's body. The adhesive has apattern and the body-facing surface has a visual cue associated with theadhesive for conveying the presence of the adhesive to the wearer.

In still another aspect, a feminine care absorbent article generallycomprises an absorbent structure configured for disposition adjacent afemale wearer's vaginal region to absorb bodily fluids discharged by thewearer. A breathable shell is provided for supporting the absorbentstructure at the vaginal region. The shell has a body-facing surface anda garment-facing surface. The body-facing surface has an adhesivethereon for adhering the shell directly to the wearer's body. At least aportion of the body-facing surface is free from adhesive for maintainingat least some of the breathability of the shell.

In yet a further aspect, a feminine care absorbent article generallycomprises an absorbent structure configured for disposition adjacent afemale wearer's vaginal region to absorb bodily fluids discharged by thewearer. A shell is provided for supporting the absorbent structure atthe vaginal region. The shell has a body-facing surface and agarment-facing surface. The body-facing surface has an adhesive thereonfor adhering the shell directly to the wearer's body. The adhesive isapplied to a first area of the body-facing surface to provide a firstadhesive strength and the adhesive is applied to a second area of thebody-facing surface to provide a second adhesive strength that is lessthan the first adhesive strength at the first area.

In still another aspect, a feminine care absorbent article generallycomprises an absorbent structure configured for disposition adjacent afemale wearer's vaginal region to absorb bodily fluids discharged by thewearer. A shell is provided for supporting the absorbent structure atthe vaginal region. The shell has a body-facing surface and agarment-facing surface. The body-facing surface has a first region and asecond region. The first region has an adhesive with a first formulationand the second region has an adhesive with a second formulation that isdifferent than the first formulation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a top view of an embodiment of an absorbent article of thepresent invention.

FIG. 2 shows a top view of another embodiment of an absorbent article ofthe present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a bottom view of the absorbent article shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 shows a bottom view of the absorbent article shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 shows a side cut-away view of an embodiment of an absorbentarticle of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 along line 5-5.

FIG. 6 shows a side cut-away view of an embodiment of an absorbentarticle of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 along line 5-5 having atwo-layer shell.

FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an absorbentarticle of the present invention having a hinged absorbent structure.

FIGS. 8 and 9 each show an absorbent article of the present inventionhaving a release sheet applied thereto.

FIG. 10 shows a top view of another absorbent article of the presentinvention having a design for attachment to specific area of the body.

FIG. 11 shows a cross-section view of FIG. 10 along lines 11-11.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show embodiments of the present invention with placementguides.

FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of an absorbentarticle of the present invention.

FIG. 15 shows an exploded perspective of the absorbent article.

FIG. 16 shows a top view of the absorbent article.

FIG. 17 shows a bottom view of the absorbent article.

FIG. 18 shows a side view of the absorbent article.

FIG. 19 shows a side cut-away view of the absorbent article taken alongline 19-19 of FIG. 16.

FIG. 20 shows a top view of a shell of the absorbent article.

FIG. 21 shows a top view of an absorbent structure of the absorbentarticle.

FIGS. 22 and 23 each show a top view of other embodiments of anabsorbent article of the present invention.

FIGS. 24 and 25 show side cross-sectional views of still otherembodiments of absorbent articles of the present invention.

FIG. 26 shows a side view of another embodiment of an absorbent articleof the present invention wherein the shell has a concave shape.

FIG. 27 shows a cross-sectional side view of an absorbent article of thepresent invention with the absorbent core recessed into the shell.

FIGS. 28-30 each show a top view of an embodiment of an absorbentarticle of the present invention having a different shell shape.

FIG. 31 shows a bottom view of an embodiment of an absorbent article ofthe present invention where only a portion of the absorbent structure ispositioned over shell.

FIG. 32 shows a top view of an embodiment of an absorbent article of thepresent invention where only a portion of the absorbent structure ispositioned over shell.

FIG. 33 shows a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line 33-33 ofFIG. 32.

FIG. 34 shows a top view of an embodiment of an absorbent article of thepresent invention wherein the body adhesive is applied in an openpattern.

FIGS. 35-37 each show an absorbent article of the present inventionhaving a release sheet applied thereto.

FIG. 38 shows a top view of another absorbent article of the presentinvention having a design for attachment to specific area of the body.

FIG. 39 shows a cross-section view taken along sectional line 39-39 ofFIG. 38.

FIGS. 40 and 41 show embodiments of the present invention with placementguides.

FIG. 42 shows a top view of still another embodiment of an absorbentarticle of the present invention, the article having an adhesive in anon-uniform pattern.

FIG. 43 shows one embodiment of a non-uniform pattern suitable for theadhesive of the absorbent article of FIG. 42.

FIG. 44 shows another embodiment of a non-uniform pattern suitable forthe adhesive of the absorbent article of FIG. 42.

FIG. 45 shows yet another embodiment of a non-uniform pattern suitablefor the adhesive of the absorbent article of FIG. 42.

FIG. 46 shows an embodiment of a uniform pattern suitable for theadhesive of the absorbent article of FIG. 42.

FIG. 47 shows another embodiment of a uniform pattern suitable for theadhesive of the absorbent article of FIG. 42.

FIG. 48 shows a top view of another embodiment of an absorbent articleof the present invention, the article having an adhesive in anon-uniform pattern.

FIG. 49 shows a top view of yet another embodiment of an absorbentarticle of the present invention, the article having an adhesive in anon-uniform pattern.

FIG. 50 shows a top view of still another embodiment of an absorbentarticle of the present invention, the article having an adhesive in anon-uniform pattern.

DEFINITIONS

It should be noted that, when employed in the present disclosure, theterms “comprises”, “comprising” and other derivatives from the root term“comprise” are intended to be open-ended terms that specify the presenceof any stated features, elements, integers, steps, or components, andare not intended to preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, elements, integers, steps, components, or groupsthereof.

It should be understood that the term “absorbent product” or “absorbentarticle”, as used herein, refers to any article used to control bodilyfluids that are configured to absorb and retain bodily exudates,including urine, blood, menses, and other bodily discharges, such assweat and vaginal secretions resulting from sexual activity and thelike. In addition, the term is intended to include odor absorbingarticles.

As used herein, the term “polymer” generally includes, but is notlimited to, homopolymers, copolymers, such as, block, graft, random andalternating copolymers, terpolymers, etc., and blends and modificationsthereof. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term“polymer” shall include all possible geometrical configurations of thematerial. These configurations include, but are not limited to,isotactic, syndiotactic and random symmetries.

As used herein, “body-facing surface” means that surface of theabsorbent article which is intended to be disposed toward or placedadjacent to the body of the wearer during ordinary use. The“garment-facing surface” is on the opposite side of the absorbentarticle from the body-facing surface. The garment-facing surface is anoutward surface of the absorbent article and is intended to be disposedto face away from the wearer's body during ordinary use. Thegarment-facing surface is generally arranged to face toward or placedadjacent to the wearer's undergarments when the absorbent article isworn.

As used herein, the term “connected” is intended to mean directlyconnected and indirectly connected. By directly connected, it isintended that the connected elements are in contact with one another oraffixed to one another. By indirectly connected, it is intended that oneor more intervening or intermediate elements are between the twoelements which are secured or “connected” together. The interveningelements may be affixed.

As used herein, the term “absorbent structure” is intended to mean aconfiguration of an absorbent material which allows bodily fluids to beabsorbed by the absorbent material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The absorbent product of the present invention provides an absorbentarticle which is designed to adhere to the body of a wearer in the areaof the body of the wearer which may need bodily fluids absorbed. In oneparticular use of the absorbent article, the absorbent article isattached to the body of a female wearer to or around the vulva region ofthe body. By “to or around the vulva region”, it is meant adjacentregions of the body of a female including the pubic region and theperinea region. When applied to or around the vulva region of the femalebody, the absorbent article may be used as a panty-liner, sanitarynapkin or incontinence article. In addition, the absorbent article maybe worn as an underwear substitute since the absorbent article of thepresent invention does not need underwear to hold the absorbent articlein place. As an underwear substitute, the absorbent article providesprotection to the vulva area by creating a barrier between the outerclothing and the vulva of a wearer. When worn as an underwearsubstitute, the absorbent article serves to protect the outer clothingof the wearer from bodily discharges from the vulva region of thewearer's body. In addition, when the absorbent article is worn as anunderwear substitute, the absorbent article also serves to protect thesensitive skin and body features of the vulva region from roughness ofthe outer clothing, thereby preventing or alleviating irritation to thesensitive skin and body features of the vulva region.

To gain a better understanding of the present invention, attention isdirected to the Figures of the present specification. As is shown ineach of the Figures, in particular FIGS. 1 and 2, the absorbent article100 has a longitudinal direction 1 and a lateral direction 2. Onecomponent of the absorbent article 100 is a shell 114. This shell 114has a first side 115, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and a second side 117,as is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The shell 114 serves to provide theoverall contour or silhouette of the absorbent article of the presentinvention. In addition, the shell 114 also provides a surface forattachment or adhesion of the absorbent article 100 to the body of awearer.

The first side 115 of the shell 114 is the body facing side of theabsorbent article 100 and the second side 117 of the shell 114 is thegarment facing side of the absorbent article. The shell 114 of theabsorbent article 100 has a first region 101. This first region 101 hasa pair of lateral side regions 102, 102′ extending from the firstregion. This pair of lateral side regions each has a proximate end 103,103′ adjacent the first region 101 and a distal end 104, 104′. The pairof lateral side regions 102, 102′ and the first region 101 togetherdefine an opening 105 in the shell 114. This opening 105 may be opennear the distal ends 104, 104′ of the lateral side regions 102, 102′, asis shown in FIG. 1 or, as shown in FIG. 2, the lateral side regions 102,102′ may be joined at the distal end 104, 104′ to form a second region107. The portions of the lateral side regions 102, 102′ and the firstregion 101 adjacent the opening 105 form a circumference or edge 106around the opening 105. This circumference or edge 106 typically hasthickness in the z-direction 3 which is about equal to the thickness ofthe shell. However, the thickness of the edge may be increased ordecreased to improve comfort for a wearer or performance of theabsorbent article.

The absorbent article 100 further has an absorbent structure 121attached to the second side 117 of the shell 114, as is shown in FIGS.1-6. At least a portion of the absorbent structure 121 is positioned inthe absorbent article such that a majority of the opening 105 in theshell has the absorbent structure 121 positioned therein, as can be seenin FIGS. 1 and 2. In one particular embodiment, the entire area of theopening 105 has the absorbent structure 121 positioned therein.Generally to hold the absorbent structure in place, a portion of theabsorbent structure 121 is attached to the second side 117 of the shell114. Suitable methods of attaching the absorbent structure 121 to thesecond side 117 of the shell 114 includes adhesives, mechanicallybonding the absorbent structure 121 to the second side 117 using bondingmeans such as ultrasonic bonding, heat and pressure bonding and thelike, which are discussed in more detail below.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the opening 105 in the shellmay be a hole, which is devoid of any material, or and in anotherembodiment of the present invention the opening 105 may be a regionwhich is permeable to body fluids. If the opening is a region which ispermeable, the opening may have a material such as hydrogel or similarmaterial that will allow body fluids to flow through the material.

In one embodiment, the first side 115 of the shell 114 is adapted to bethe body contacting side of the absorbent article. The first region 101,the lateral sides regions 102, 102′ and the second region 107, whenpresent, on the first side 115 of the shell 114 are designed or adaptedto contact, attach or adhere to the wearer's skin. In one particularembodiment, the first region 101 of the shell 114 is designed or adaptedto contact a female wearer's skin surrounding the vulva region of thefemale torso when the absorbent article 100 is applied to the wearer. By“designed or adapted to contact a female wearer's skin surrounding thevulva region of the female torso”, it is meant that the size and shapeof the shell 114, including the first region and the lateral sideregions and second region, if present, is such that the shell 114 fitsin the vulva region and possibly the surrounding pubic region andperinea regions of the female torso. Generally, the shell 114 is sizedand shaped such that the extent of the first side 115 of the shell 114only contacts and attaches or adheres to the skin surrounding andproximate to the vulva area and possibly the pubic and perinea regionsof the wearer. In addition to contacting the skin in the vulva, pubicand perinea regions of the wearer, the first side 115 of the shell 114may also contact and attach or adhere to any hair in the vulva area ofthe wearer which may be present. The first side 115 of the shell 114 iswhat holds the absorbent article in place on the body of a wearer.

To gain a better understanding of the vulva region and surroundingregions of the female body, a general description of the anatomicalstructures can be found in The Illustrated Running Press Edition of theAmerican Classic Gray's Anatomy (1974) by Henry Gray and Structure andFunction in Man (1974) by Stanley W. Jacob, M.D., F.A.C.S. and relevantportions are included herein by reference. The general form can be foundin Anatomy for an Artist: Elements of Form by Eliot Goldfinger andrelevant portions are included herein by reference. The generaldescription of the pubic hair covering these regions can be found inWoman's Body: A Manual for Life and relevant portions are includedherein by reference.

The female anatomical structures to be described include the leg and thelower torso. The external anatomical structures of the lower torsoinclude gluteal region and perineum region. The gluteal region includesthe buttocks and the anus. The anatomical structure involved on the legis the medial surface of the upper thigh.

The gluteal region includes generally the buttocks and anus and istypically bound in front by the line of the buttocks and the glutealfolds, in the back by the sacral triangle and the sides by linesextending through the greater trochanters. The shape of the glutealregion is roughly hemi-spherical and convex, and is determined by aseries of muscles including the gluteus maximus and a series of fat padsincluding the posterior gluteal fat pad. The line of the buttocksseparates the gluteal region and the perineum region.

The upper thigh region includes typically the right and left thigh andis typically bound on top by the thigh lines and the sides by the frontand back of the leg. The thigh lines are two lines that are on eitherside of the labia and each of the lines runs along the line of theinguinal ligment to the gluteal folds and marks where the upper thighmeets the lower torso. The shape of the region is roughly a portion of atapered cylinder and convex, and is shaped by a series of muscle groupsincluding the gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, andadductor magnus and series of fat pads including the inner thigh fatpad.

The perineum region, which extends from the inferior outlet of thepelvis to the bony structure of the coccyx, is comprised of twodivisions, the urogenital triangle and the anal division or obstetricalperineum. The region includes the external organs of reproduction; themons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, meatus urinarius and theopening to the vagina. The region is generally bound in front by thelower abdominal line, on the sides the thigh lines, and in the back theline of the buttocks. The abdominal line is a line that passes acrossthe top of the pubis. The lines of the buttocks are lines that connectthe thigh lines to the gluteal cleft. For convenience in describing theform and created spaces in the perineum region, this region will besubdivided into three regions an anterior region including the monspubis, a central region including the labia majora and minora, andposterior region. The anterior region is bound in front by the lowerabdominal line, in back by anterior commissure, and on the sides by lineof the labia. The central region is bound in front by the anteriorcommissure, in the back by the posterior commissure, and on the side bythe line of the labia. The posterior region is bound in front by theline of the labia, in the back by the lines of the buttocks, and on thesides the thigh line.

The vulva region includes the female external genitalia and generallyincludes the anterior and central regions of the perineum. The monspubis [or veneris] is generally a rounded eminence in front of thesymphysis pubis, formed by a collection of fatty tissue including thepubic fat pad beneath the integument and is generally covered with pubichair. The labia majora are generally two prominent longitudinalcutaneous folds extending downward from the mons veneris to the anteriorboundary of the perineum, and generally enclosing the commonurinary-sexual opening. The space between the two folds is the labialcleft. Each labium has generally two surfaces, an outer, which ispigmented and covered generally with strong, crisp pubic hairs, and aninner within the labia cleft, which is smooth and is beset with largesebaceous follicles and is continuous with the genito-urinary mucoustract; between the two there is considerable quantity of areolar tissue,fat including the labia fat pad, and tissue besides vessels, meeting theanterior commissure. Posteriorly they are typically not joined, butgenerally appear to become lost in the neighboring integument,terminating close to, and nearly parallel with each other. Together withthe connecting skin between them, they form the posterior commissure orposterior boundary of the vulval orifice. The interval between theposterior commissure and the anus constitutes the perineum region. Thefourchette is the anterior edge of the perineum, and between it and thehymen is a depression, the fossa navicularis. The line of the labiaseparates the labia and the perineum region.

The labia minora are two small cutaneous folds, situated generallywithin the labia majora, and extending from the clitoris obliquelydownward, outward, and backward on each side of the orifice of thevagina.

The form of the perineum, gluteal, and upper thigh regions combine toform a very intricate skin topography and spaces. The roughlytwo-hemispherical-like forms of the buttocks, the roughlytapered-cylinder-like form of the upper thigh, split-teardrop-like formof the vulvar region create intricate generally convex topography withintersections to form a series of recesses. The generally convextopography of the buttocks, the vulvar region, and upper thigh join tocreate spaces including two inner thigh grooves along two thigh lines, adepression in the posterior perineum region and a cleft extendingthrough the labia and gluteal clefts. The grooves, depression, and cleftare like interconnected recesses in the topography. The central regiongeneral has lateral sides separated by a distal surface created by thelabial cleft and includes the labial cleft.

Pubic hair generally cover some of these regions and fill in a portionof these recesses especially the labial cleft and the portion of thegroove of the thigh parallel to the labial cleft to create a hairsurface topography. The hair topography is the surface topography of animaginary distal surface created by the hair. The depression of theperineum, thigh groove parallel to the gluteal cleft, and the glutealcleft generally has little or no pubic hair. The skin topographycombines with the hair topography to create an overall body topography.

This intricate space created by the intricate body form in this regionof the body varies between women in both size and form, and varies withthe position and movement of the women. Some of these variations aresummarized in “Female genital appearance: ‘normality’ unfolds” byJillian Lloyd et. al., BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics andGynecology, May 2005, Vol. 112, pp. 643-646 and is included herein byreference.

As a woman ages, many changes occur to the vulva region. Skin begins tolose its elasticity and hangs more loosely from the body. In addition,the fat pads tend to be reduced, changing the topography of the vulvaregion. As a result, there is a need for a product which can be adaptedto these changing conditions.

When the absorbent article of the present invention is positioned foruse on a wearer, generally the first side 115 of the shell, includingthe first region 101, the lateral side regions 102, 102′ and the secondregion 107, if present, are positioned on the wearer outside the labiamajora of the wearer. This will allow any fluid coming from thevulvo-vaginal area of the body of a wearer to pass through the opening105 present in the shell 114, so that the fluid may flow into theabsorbent structure 121. The opening 105 could be an area which isdevoid of the shell material or any other material. Alternatively, theopening may be a permeable area, which is permeable to body fluids,containing a material which is permeable. Typically, the absorbentstructure 121 is the portion of the absorbent article which providesabsorbency to the absorbent article. In an alternative embodiment, thefirst side 115 of the shell 114 may also provide some absorbency to theabsorbent article. For example, the second first side 115 of the shell114 may contain an absorbent material integrated into the shell 114,such that the first side of the shell 114 has some degree of absorbency.The first side 115 of the shell 114 may have an absorbent materialcoated or impregnated into the shell material.

When the second region 107 is present, as shown in FIG. 2, the entireopening 105 is surrounded by the shell 114. When the second region 107is not present, as shown in FIG. 1, the opening 105 has an unbound end,meaning that the distal ends 104, 104′ of the lateral side regions 102,102′ are not connected. Each configuration of the absorbent articlesshown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have advantages. For example, the configurationshown in FIG. 1, where the second region 107 is not present in theabsorbent article 100, the absorbent article 100 may provide morecomfort to the wearer when being worn. That is, in use of the absorbentarticle 100, the first region 101 is designed to be placed towards theanterior region of the vulva region of the wearer. By not having thesecond region, the absorbent article 100 will not be positioned in theperinea region of the wearer, which may provide improved comfort to thewearer. Alternatively, by having the second region 107 present, theabsorbent article may provide superior leak protection to the wearer, bycreating a seal completely surrounding the labia majora of a wearer. Asa result, any and all fluid leaving the vaginal cavity will be confinedto the absorbent article.

The shell 114 of the absorbent article 100, which may be either liquidimpermeable or liquid permeable, can be prepared from a variety ofmaterials. In one embodiment, the shell may include a layer constructedof any material which will function to be operatively liquidimpermeable. The shell 114 may, for example, include a polymeric film, awoven fabric, a nonwoven fabric or the like, as well as combinations orcomposites thereof. For example, the shell 114 may include a polymerfilm laminated to a woven or nonwoven fabric. A laminate shell 114structure is shown in FIG. 6, having an upper layer 141 and a lowerlayer 142, wherein the upper layer 141 is the body-facing side of theshell 114 and the lower layer 142 is the garment facing side of theshell 114. In a particular feature, the polymer film can be composed ofpolyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, silicone or the like, as well ascombinations thereof. Additionally, the polymer film may bemicro-embossed, have a printed design, have a printed message to theconsumer, and/or may be at least partially colored. Suitably, the shell114 can operatively permit a sufficient passage of air and moisturevapor out of the absorbent article 100, particularly out of an absorbentstructure 121 while blocking the passage of bodily fluids and odorsoften associated with bodily fluids. An example of a suitable shellmaterial can include a breathable, microporous film, such as thosedescribed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,045,900 to Haffner et al.,the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference andmade a part hereof. Other shell materials which are extensible may beused in the present invention, including, for example foams. One exampleof a suitable foam is a polyurethane foam with a negative Poissonsratio. Examples of extensible backsheet materials are described in U.S.Pat. No. 5,611,790, issued Mar. 18, 1997, to Osborn, III et al., hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety. Other materials that areinherently breathable, such as polyurethanes, may be used to form theshell 114. It is contemplated that is some embodiments, the shell 114can be liquid permeable without departing from the scope of thisinvention.

In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the shell 114 maybe a laminate of a woven or nonwoven fabric with a silicone polymer,wherein the silicone polymer has adhesive properties. The second side117 of the shell will be woven or nonwoven fabric and the first side 115of the shell will be silicone polymer. One commercially availablelaminate is an Oleeva Fabric® l available from Bio Med Sciences, Inc.,which have offices at 7584 Morris Court, Suite 218 Allentown, Pa. 18106.The Oleeva Fabric® is a silicone sheeting having adhesive propertieslaminated to a fabric backing. The silicone sheeting will form the bodyfacing first side 115 of the shell material. Relating this particularstructure to the Figures, in FIG. 6, the silicone polymer is the upperlayer 141 of the shell 114 and the nonwoven or woven layer is the lowerlayer 142 of the shell.

Bicomponent films or other multi-component films can also be used as theshell 114 material. In addition, woven and/or nonwoven fabrics whichhave been treated to render them operatively liquid-impermeable can alsobe used as an effective shell 114 material. Another suitable shellmaterial can include foams. Examples of foam include a closed-cellpolyolefin foam, a foam with a negative Poissons ration and othersimilar foams. Other suitable polymeric materials include a polyurethanepolymer material, a silicone polymer or other similar materials.Silicone polymers having naturally occurring adhesive properties, orsilicone polymers having a silicone adhesive layer applied thereto areof particular interest for the shell material. Such silicone polymerswill allow the first side 115 of the shell 114 to adhere to the body ofthe wearer without the need of an additional adhesive. These materialsmay be laminated to another material, such that the second side 117 ofthe shell 114, which is the garment facing side of the absorbent article100 is laminated to the other material, so that the adhesive nature ofthe silicone polymer does not adhere the garment to the undergarments ofthe wearer. In another embodiment of the present invention, the shellmaterial may be prepared from an interpenetrating polymer network or twoor more polymers. Generally, one of the polymers of the interpenetratingpolymer network may be a silicone material. Examples of interpenetratingpolymer networks are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,560, issued toDillion, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The shell material should be selected such that the overall propertiesof the shell allow the shell material to move with the skin of thewearer during normal use and normal movements by the wearer during use.By “normal movement by the wearer” it is meant any movement thatnormally occurs during use of the absorbent article, including walking,running, sitting, standing, kneeling, riding a bicycle, exercising,playing sports, getting into and out of an automobile, and other similarmovements made by wearers when wearing an absorbent article. The shellshould not be too rigid, such that the shell detaches from the skin ofthe wearer during use and the shell should not be so flexible that theshell tends to twist and bunch during use. The shell should havesufficient flexibility to conform to the skin of the wearer and becomesimilar to a second skin of the wearer. The shell should also have theability to remain attached to the body of the wearer under moist or wetconditions. In addition, the shell should be sufficiently stretchable sothat it stretches, as needed, during movement of the wearer.

Generally, the shell material should have sufficient thickness to allowthe shell 114 to mold to the body of the wearer, but not too thick thatthe shell 114 becomes uncomfortable for the wearer to wear. In addition,the shell 114 should not be so thin that it ineffectively forms a sealwith the skin of the wearer when applied to the wearer, or becomesdetached from the skin of the wearer during use and normal movement ofthe wearer during use or that it does not adequately conform to theshape and skin of the wearer at the point of attachment to the wearer.Depending on the material used for the shell, the typical thickness ofthe shell is between 0.03 mm and about 5.0 mm, more particularly between0.1 mm and 3.0 mm. In one particular embodiment, the thickness of theshell is between 0.25 mm and about 3.0 mm. Again, the actual thicknessused is dependent of several factors including rigidity of the material,the flexibility of the material and the ability of the material toassume the shape of the skin of the wearer at the location of use, whichis typically the vulva region of a wearer.

The second side 117 of the shell 114 may form a portion of thegarment-facing side of the absorbent article 100 when worn by a wearer.The shell material should be selected such that the second side 117 ofthe shell will freely move against the undergarment or clothing of awearer. One way to achieve this result is to construct the second side117 of the shell 114 to have a fairly low coefficient of friction. Thiswill allow the second side 117 of the shell 114 to freely move againstthe undergarment or other clothing worn by the wearer. If the secondside 117 of the shell 114, does not freely move against the undergarmentor other clothing worn by the wearer, the absorbent article may catch onthe undergarment or clothing, which may result in the absorbent articlebeing prematurely and undesirably removed from the wearer or may causethe absorbent article to be shifted from its desired placement againstthe body of a wearer.

In order to achieve the desired coefficient of friction on the secondside 117 of the shell 114, the materials used to prepare the shell couldbe selected such that the second side 117 of the shell material willinherently have the desired coefficient of friction. Alternatively, thesecond side 117 of the shell 114 may be treated with a coatingcomposition, such a polytetrafluoroethylene containing coating, asilicone containing coating or other similar coating having lowcoefficient of friction properties. Alternatively, the shell 114 couldbe made from a laminate of two or more materials such that the firstside 115 of the shell 114 is prepared from a material which meets theneeded properties of the first side 115, while the material selected forthe second side 117 of the shell 114 meets the desired coefficient offriction such that the second side 117 will move freely against theundergarment or garment being worn by a wearer.

The shell 114 of the absorbent article 100 may be flat or may have athree-dimensional shape. As is shown in FIG. 5, which is across-sectional side view of the absorbent article, the shell 114 has athree-dimensional concave shape. Alternatively, as is shown incross-sectional side views of FIG. 6, the shell 114 may have a generallyflat shape. By providing the absorbent article 100 with athree-dimensional concave shape, as is shown in FIG. 5, placement of thearticle may be easier for the wearer. Generally, the three-dimensionalshape could be such that it closely matches the overall generalcurvature of the vulva region and optionally the pubic and perinearegions of most women, when the absorbent article is used as apanty-liner, sanitary napkin or a feminine incontinence article. To formthe shell 114 with a three-dimensional shape, the shell may be molded inany manner known to those skilled in the art, for example heat molding.The manner in which the three-dimensional shape is imparted to the shell114 is not critical to the present invention.

When the shell 114 is a generally flat shape, for example as shown inFIG. 6, meaning that the shell does not have a third dimension otherthan thickness, the shell 114 should be made to be flexible enough thatthe shell 114 can conform to the body of the wearer at the point ofattachment. In addition to being flat, the overall shape of the shell114 may be contoured, as is shown in FIG. 1. In one embodiment, thecontour shape may be such that the narrowest point of the contour is inthe crotch area of the shell 114 nearest the vulva region, as is shownin FIG. 1. The contour shape shown in FIG. 1 is one of many possibleshapes, in which the shell 114 and absorbent article may be prepared.Other shapes may be used, without departing from the scope of thepresent invention. Generally, the shape selected should be such that theshell 114 and absorbent article 100 are comfortable for the wearer towear, while providing leakage protection to the wearer. It is noted thata contour shape may also be used in conjunction with a three-dimensionalshell. Further discussion of the overall shape of the absorbent articlemay be found below.

The shell may be any desired color or may be translucent. In addition,the shell may have a matte finish, satin finish or a smooth finish. Theparticular finish color or translucency can be a matter of choice forthe manufacturer of the absorbent article of the present invention.However, a translucent shell may assist the user in placing theabsorbent article 100 since the user may be able to see where thearticle is compared to the genitalia of the user.

The absorbent structure 121 is designed to absorb body exudates,including menstrual fluid, blood, urine, and other bodily fluids, suchas sweat and vaginal discharges. The absorbent structure 121 has alongitudinal direction 1 and a lateral direction 2 and is shown in FIGS.1-4, and a thickness in the z-direction 3, as is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.This absorbent structure 121 may be a single layer or may be multiplelayers. Typically, the absorbent structure 121 has an absorbent core 122and a generally liquid impermeable backsheet 123. This absorbent core122 may contain one or more layers of absorbent materials. That is, theabsorbent core 122 may be a single layer of absorbent materials or maybe a multilayer structure. Each of the layers of the absorbent core 122can contain similar materials or different materials. In the absorbentarticle 100 of the present invention, the materials which may be used toform the absorbent core 122 include those materials conventionally usedin absorbent articles and includes materials, such as, for example,foam, cellulose, wood pulp fluff, rayon, cotton, and meltblown polymerssuch as polyester, polypropylene or coform. Coform is a meltblownair-formed combination of meltblown polymers, such as polypropylene, andabsorbent staple fibers, such as cellulose. A desired material is woodpulp fluff, for it is low in cost, relatively easy to form, and has goodabsorbency.

The absorbent core 122 can also be formed from a composite comprised ofa hydrophilic material which may be formed from various natural orsynthetic fibers, wood pulp fibers, regenerated cellulose or cottonfibers, or a blend of pulp and other fibers. One particular example of amaterial which may be used as the absorbent core is an airlaid material.The absorbent core 122 may have other properties includingextensibility, which will allow the absorbent core to be extended or fitto a particular wearer. One example of extensible absorbent cores isdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,611,790, issued Mar. 18, 1997, to Osborn,III et al., herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the absorbent core 122 may also include asuperabsorbent material, in addition to or in place of the hydrophilicmaterial, which increases the ability of the absorbent core to absorb alarge amount of fluid in relation to its own weight. Generally stated,the superabsorbent material can be a water-swellable, generallywater-insoluble, hydrogel-forming polymeric absorbent material, which iscapable of absorbing at least about 15, suitably about 30, and possiblyabout 60 times or more its weight in physiological saline (e.g., salinewith 0.9 wt % NaCl). The superabsorbent materials can be inserted asparticles or in sheet form. The superabsorbent material may bebiodegradable or bipolar. The hydrogel-forming polymeric absorbentmaterial may be formed from organic hydrogel-forming polymeric material,which may include natural material such as agar, pectin, and guar gum;modified natural materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose; and synthetic hydrogel-formingpolymers. Synthetic hydrogel-forming polymers include, for example,alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamides, polyvinylalcohol, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl ethers,polyvinyl morpholinone, polymers and copolymers of vinyl sulfonic acid,polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl pyridine, and the like. Othersuitable hydrogel-forming polymers include hydrolyzed acrylonitrilegrafted starch, acrylic acid grafted starch, and isobutylene maleicanhydride copolymers and mixtures thereof. The hydrogel-forming polymersmay be lightly crosslinked to render the material substantially waterinsoluble. Crosslinking may, for example, be by irradiation or covalent,ionic, Van der Waals, or hydrogen bonding. Hydroxyfunctional polymershave been found to be good superabsorbents for sanitary napkins. Suchsuperabsorbents are commercially available from Evonik Industries, amongothers, and are a partially neutralized salt of cross-linked copolymerof polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol having an absorbency underload value above 25 grams of absorbed liquid per gram of absorbentmaterial (g/g). Other types of superabsorbent materials known to thoseskilled in the art can also be used.

Selection of the actual materials used for the absorbent core 122 iswithin the skill of those skilled in the art. The actual materials usedfor the absorbent core are not critical to the present invention.

The generally liquid impermeable backsheet 123 is present in theabsorbent structure 121 to prevent fluid entering the absorbent core 122from flowing through the absorbent core 122 and onto a garment orundergarment being worn by a wearer. Suitable liquid impermeable backingsheets include, for example, a polymeric film, a woven fabric, anonwoven fabric or the like, as well as combinations or compositesthereof. Generally, any material that may be used as the shell materialdescribed above may be used as the backsheet 123 of the absorbentstructure 121. The liquid impermeable backsheet 123 may be a polymericfilm, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric or the like, as well ascombinations or composites thereof. For example, the liquid impermeablebacksheet 123 may include a polymer film laminated to a woven ornonwoven fabric. In a particular feature, the polymer film can becomposed of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, silicone or thelike, as well as combinations thereof. Additionally, the polymer filmmay be micro-embossed, have a printed design, have a printed message tothe consumer, and/or may be at least partially colored. Suitably, theliquid impermeable backsheet 123 can operatively permit a sufficientpassage of air and moisture vapor out of the absorbent article 100,particularly out of an absorbent structure 121 while blocking thepassage of bodily fluids and odors often associated with bodily fluids.An example of suitable materials for the liquid impermeable backsheet123 can include a breathable, microporous film, such as those describedin, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,045,900 to Haffner et al., the entiredisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference and made a parthereof.

The side of the backsheet 123 which faces the undergarment or garmentsof a wearer should have a low coefficient of friction for the samereasons that the second side 117 of the shell should have a lowcoefficient of friction. This will allow the garment facing side of thebacksheet 123 to move freely against the undergarment or clothing of awearer. If the garment facing side of the backsheet 123 does not freelymove against the undergarment or other clothing worn by the wearer, theabsorbent article may catch on the undergarment or clothing, which mayresult in the absorbent article or the absorbent structure beingprematurely and undesirably removed from the wearer or may cause theabsorbent article to be shifted from its desired placement against thebody of a wearer. In addition by having both the garment facing side ofthe backsheet 123 and the second side 117 of the shell freely moveagainst the undergarment or clothing of the wearer, the body attachedabsorbent article will be comfortable for a wearer to wear and mayprovide improved protection since the undergarment or clothing will notcause the absorbent article to shift during use.

Generally, the absorbent structure will be positioned adjacent to thesecond side 117 of the shell 114, as can be clearly seen in FIGS. 1-6.By “adjacent to the shell”, it is meant that the absorbent structure 121is directly in contact with the second side 117 of the shell 114 or maybe separated by one or two additional layers or a construction orpressure sensitive adhesive. The absorbent structure should bepositioned such that the absorbent core 122 is beneath the opening 105so that any fluid flowing through the opening 105 will come into contactwith the absorbent core 122.

In addition to the absorbent core 122, the absorbent structure 121 mayhave other additional layers which aid the absorbent core 122 incapturing and holding the bodily fluid into the absorbent core 122.These other layers, when present and in combination with the absorbentcore 122, form the absorbent structure 121 of the absorbent article 100.There may be a single layer or multiple layers in addition to theabsorbent core 122 in the absorbent structure 121.

One particular example of an additional layer which may be used inaddition to the absorbent core 122 in the absorbent structure 121 is atop sheet 124, which is generally a liquid permeable material, whichallows bodily fluids to pass through the top-sheet into the absorbentcore. The top sheet 124 also may provide a wearer with a dry feeling byseparating the absorbent core 122 from the body of the wearer. That is,the top sheet 124 is placed between the absorbent core 122 and the bodyof the wearer and such that the absorbent core 122 is between the topsheet 124 and the shell 114.

Optionally, the top sheet 124 may be formed from one or more materials.The top sheet 124 should be able to manage different body excretionsdepending on the type of product. In feminine care products, often thetop sheet 124 must be able to handle menses and urine. In addition, thetop sheet 124 may be comfortable, soft and friendly to the wearer'sskin. In the present invention, the top sheet 124 may include a layerconstructed of any operative material, and may be a composite material.For example, the top sheet can include a woven fabric, a nonwovenfabric, a polymer film, a film-nonwoven fabric laminate or the like, aswell as combinations thereof. Examples of a nonwoven fabric useable inthe top sheet 124 include, for example, an airlaid nonwoven web, aspunbond nonwoven web, a meltblown nonwoven web, a bonded-carded web, ahydroentangled nonwoven web, a spunlace web or the like, as well ascombinations thereof. Other examples of suitable materials forconstructing the top sheet 124 can include rayon, bonded-carded webs ofpolyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, or other heat-bondablefibers, finely perforated film webs, net-like materials, and the like,as well as combinations thereof. These webs can be prepared frompolymeric materials such as, for example, polyolefins, such aspolypropylene and polyethylene and copolymers thereof, polyesters ingeneral including aliphatic esters such as polylactic acid, nylon or anyother heat-bondable materials. When the top sheet is a film or a filmlaminate, the film should be apertured or otherwise be made to allowfluids to flow through the top sheet to the absorbent core.

Other examples of suitable materials for the top sheet 124 are compositematerials of a polymer and a nonwoven fabric material. The compositematerials are typically in the form of integral sheets generally formedby the extrusion of a polymer onto a nonwoven web, such as a spunbondmaterial. In a particular arrangement, the top sheet 124 can beconfigured to be operatively liquid-permeable with regard to the liquidsthat the article is intended to absorb or otherwise handle. Theoperative liquid-permeability may, for example, be provided by aplurality of pores, perforations, apertures or other openings, as wellas combinations thereof, which are present or formed in the liner orbody contacting layer. The apertures or other openings can help increasethe rate at which bodily liquids can move through the thickness of theliner or body contacting layer and penetrate into the other componentsof the article (e.g. into the absorbent core 122). The selectedarrangement of liquid permeability is desirably present at least on anoperative portion of the top sheet 124 that is appointed for placementon the body-side of the article. The top sheet 124 can provide comfortand conformability, and can function to direct bodily exudates away fromthe body and toward the absorbent core 122. The top sheet 124 can beconfigured to retain little or no liquid in its structure, and can beconfigured to provide a relatively comfortable and non-irritatingsurface next to the body tissues of a wearer. In the present invention,the top sheet 124 positioned over the absorbent core may have a surfacewhich is embossed, printed or otherwise imparted with a pattern.

Additional layers or substrates, including for example, the liquidacquisition and distribution layer, also referred to as a surge ortransfer layer, and an optional tissue layer are also incorporated intothe absorbent structure 121 of the absorbent product 100, for example,between the top sheet 124 and the absorbent core 122. The distributionlayer may be shorter than the absorbent core or have the same length asthe absorbent core 122. The distribution layer serves to temporarilyhold an insulting fluid to allow the absorbent core sufficient time toabsorb the fluid, especially when a superabsorbent material is present.

In another embodiment, the absorbent core, transfer layer and othercomponents, such as tissue layers, may be free floating (unattached)between the shell 114 and the top sheet 124, and are secured along onlythe peripheral edges thereof. Alternatively, the absorbent core 122,transfer layer, if present, and any other layer or component, ifpresent, may be attached to one or both of the second side 117 of theshell 114 and top sheet 124 and/or to each other.

The absorbent structure 121, including the absorbent core 122, isgenerally attached to the second side 117 of the shell 114, such thatthe absorbent core is positioned under the opening 105 in the shell. Theabsorbent structure 121 may be attached to the shell 114 in a permanentmanner, meaning that the absorbent structure is generally intended notto be removable by the wearer of the absorbent article 100.Alternatively, the absorbent structure 121 may be made to be removablyattached to the shell, such that the absorbent structure 121 may beremoved by a wearer of the absorbent article 100 and replaced with thesame absorbent structure 121 or with another new absorbent structure121. When the absorbent structure 121 is attached to the shell 114 in apermanent manner, meaning that the absorbent structure is not intendedto be removed by the wearer, a construction adhesive may be used.Examples of useable construction adhesives include any adhesive whichwill effectively hold the absorbent structure 121 in place, so as not tobe separated from the shell 114. Commercially available constructionadhesives usable in the present invention include, for example Rextacadhesives available from Huntsman Polymers of Houston, Tex., as well asadhesives available from Bostik Findley, Inc, of Wauwatosa, Wis. Othermeans may be used to hold the absorbent structure 121 to the shell,including heat bonding, ultrasonic bonding or other similar mechanicalattachments.

When the absorbent structure 121 is removably attached, the absorbentstructure 121 is held in place to the second side 117 of the shell 114by a means which will allow the wearer to remove the absorbentstructure. One such means of holding the absorbent structure is by usinga pressure sensitive adhesive. Suitable pressure sensitive adhesivesinclude any commercially available pressure sensitive adhesive. Examplesof suitable pressure sensitive adhesives usable to removably hold theabsorbent structure 121 in place on the second side 117 of the shell 114include pressure sensitive adhesives available from HenkelInternational. By providing an absorbent structure 121 which isremovable, the shell 114 may be reused several times without the need toagain place the shell 114 when the absorbent structure needs to bereplaced. Other means, such as mechanical attachment may also be used toremovably attach the absorbent structure 121 to the shell 114. Also byhaving a removable absorbent structure 121, the absorbent structure canbe selected by the wearer prior to use. This would allow the wearer toselect an appropriate level of protection for a given day or allow thewearer to select a size or shape of the absorbent which the wearer findsto be more comfortable. When the absorbent structure 121 is removable,and adhesively attached to the shell 114, the adhesive could be designedto remain on the shell or remain only on the absorbent structure.Generally, the adhesive should be placed on the absorbent structure 121,since this will provide fresh adhesive to hold the new absorbent inplace each time the absorbent structure 121 is replaced. If the adhesiveis present on the absorbent structure 121, a release sheet may be placedover the adhesive so that the adhesive is not contaminated with dirt ordebris which may have an adverse effect in holding the absorbentstructure 121 to the shell 114.

To aid a wearer in replacing the absorbent structure 121, placement aidmay be present on the shell 114 and/or the absorbent structure. Suitableplacement aids include the use of color, tactile indicators or any othermeans that would assist the wearer in replacing a removed absorbentstructure.

Another important advantage of having an absorbent structure, which isremovable, is that the wearer may be able to perform normal bodilyfunctions, such as urination. By having the absorbent which isremovable, a wearer could remove the absorbent, urinate and replace theabsorbent. This would alleviate the need of a wearer to have to replacethe entire absorbent article 100 in order to form bodily functions. Asanother alternative, the absorbent structure 121 could be attached tothe shell in such a manner that the absorbent structure is hinged with ahinging means, as is shown in FIG. 7.

The absorbent structure 121 may be a relatively flat structure, as shownin FIG. 6 or the absorbent structure 121 may be curved to match theshape of the shell 114, as is shown in FIG. 5. The size, location andshape of the absorbent structure 121 may also be selected for anintended use. For example, in an overnight use, the absorbent may belocated further back on the wearer towards the perinea region of thewearer. In an overnight use, the absorbent structure may be larger thanin a product intended for daytime use. In a daytime use, the absorbentstructure will generally be centrally located in the vulva region.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the shell 114material may also be provided with some absorbency in addition to theabsorbent structure 121. One way to achieve absorbency in the shell isto have the shell 114 prepared from a material which is a laminate oftwo or more materials. The first side 115 of the shell 114 contains anabsorbent material within the body facing side of the laminate. Forexample, superabsorbent particles or materials may be incorporated intothe material making up the body facing layer of the laminate. Anotherway is to place a very light coating onto the first side 115 of theshell material, wherein the coating contains superabsorbent particles ormaterials. Of course other absorbent materials, other thansuperabsorbent materials may be used in place of or in addition to thesuperabsorbent materials.

The absorbent core 122 of the absorbent structure 121 may be locatedentirely within the opening 105 in the shell 114, or the absorbent core122 of the absorbent structure may extend past the opening 105 in theshell, as is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, meaning that a portion of theabsorbent core 122 contacts or is facing the second side 117 of theshell 114. Alternatively, the absorbent structure 121 may extend pastthe ends 104, 104′ of the shell 114 or the second region 107 of theshell.

The liquid backsheet 123 may be a polymeric film, a woven fabric, anonwoven fabric or the like, as well as combinations or compositesthereof. For example, the liquid backsheet 123 may include a polymerfilm laminated to a woven or nonwoven fabric. In a particular feature,the polymer film can be composed of polyethylene, polypropylene,polyester, silicone or the like, as well as combinations thereof.Additionally, the polymer film may be micro-embossed, have a printeddesign, have a printed message to the consumer, and/or may be at leastpartially colored. Suitably, the liquid backsheet 123 can operativelypermit a sufficient passage of air and moisture vapor out of theabsorbent article 100, particularly out of an absorbent structure 121while blocking the passage of bodily fluids and odors often associatedwith bodily fluids. An example of a suitable material for the liquidbacksheet 123 can include a breathable, microporous film, such as thosedescribed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,045,900 to Haffner et al.,the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference andmade a part hereof. Other materials that may be used in preparing thebacksheet 123 include materials which are inherently breathable, such aspolyurethanes.

As is stated above, the first side 115 of the shell 114 either directlyor indirectly attaches to the body of a wearer. Stated another way, theshell is the body attachment member and the first area 115 is theportion of the shell 114 which is attached to the body of the wearer.Depending on the material selected for the shell, the shell may activelyattach to the body of the wearer using electrostatic means; suctionmeans or a body adhesive may be placed on the first side 115 of theshell 114 to attach the absorbent article to the body of a wearer.Electrostatic means which can be used is by selecting the shell materialto be a material which has an affinity for the body of a wearer, suchthat the shell material “clings” to the body of the wearer. Examples ofsuch materials include ethylene vinyl acetate, low density polyethyleneand other similar materials know to those skilled in the art. Suctionmeans may be achieved by shaping the shell to conform to the body of thewearer, much like a contact lens fits to the eye. Generally, suctionmeans can be achieved by forming the shell 114 into a three-dimensionalshape. The easiest way to achieve body attachment is to place a bodyadhesive in the first side 115 of the shell 114.

A body adhesive 144 is positioned on the first side 115 of the shell114. The body adhesive 144 contacts the skin and hair, if present, inthe vulva region and possibly the pubic region and/or the perinea regionof the wearer's body, thereby supporting and holding the absorbentarticle 100 against the body of the wearer during use. The body adhesive144 can overlie a portion of the first side 115 or can overlie the firstside 115 of the shell 114. Generally, the body adhesive 144 will bepresent on at least the outer portion first side of the shell near theedge 120 of the absorbent article 100. The adhesive may cover the entirefirst side 115 of the absorbent article (not shown in the drawings).Alternatively, the body adhesive 144 may be placed on a portion of thefirst side, as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The body adhesive 144 may alsobe placed in a pattern of the first side 115 of the absorbent article.The body adhesive 144 can be applied to the first side 115 of the shell114 of using any known process including inkjet printing, screenprinting or extruding the body adhesive 144 from one or more nozzles,slot coating and the like.

Generally, any pressure sensitive adhesive known to those skilled in theart may be used, provided that the pressure sensitive adhesive is not aknown irritant to human skin or that the adhesive is so aggressive thatit causes pain to the wearer when the absorbent article is removed fromthe skin. It is also desirable that the adhesive is selected such thatthe adhesive does not leave a substantial amount of an adhesive residueon the surface of the skin of the wearer, when the absorbent article 100is removed by the wearer after use. Particularly suitable pressuresensitive adhesive materials are disclosed in the commonly assigned U.S.Pat. No. 6,213,993 to Zacharias et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,620,143 toZacharias et al., the entire disclosure of each is incorporated hereinby reference and made a part hereof. Other suitable adhesives aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,618,281 to Batrabet et al., the entiredisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference and made a parthereof. Other known body adhesives, such as those described in U.S. Pat.No. 6,316,524 to Corzani et al. which is hereby incorporated in itsentirety, may also be used. Additional examples of pressure sensitiveadhesives include hydrogels, hydrocolloids, acrylics based adhesives,and rubber based adhesives, such as Kraton based adhesives.

The body adhesive 144 may be positioned on the first side 115 of theshell 114 in an open pattern or a closed pattern. By “open pattern” ismeant that the adhesive can have an intermittent or discontinuouspattern which does not substantially encircle the entire opening 105.For example, there may be breaks in the body adhesive at certainportions of the first side 115. “Closed pattern” means the adhesive 144would encircle the entire opening 105 in the shell. In one embodiment,the pattern of the body adhesive 144 will substantially surround thecover of the first side 115 and substantially surround the opening 105.An example of an “open” pattern of the adhesive would be to haveindividual beads of adhesive applied in a discontinuous fashion. In thepresent invention, the closed pattern can be advantageous since the bodyadhesive 144 may form a seal with the body of the wearer which willassist in preventing leaks from the absorbent article 100. The bodyadhesive may form a dam, which may prevent leaks from the entireperimeter of the absorbent article 100.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the body adhesive 144 may beplaced on the entire first side 115 of the shell 114, as is shown inFIG. 1. In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, asis shown in FIG. 2, the body adhesive 144 may be placed along the outerportions of the first side 115 near the periphery of the shell 114, suchthat no adhesive is near the opening 105. The body adhesive 144 may alsobe placed on the absorbent structure 121 positioned on the second side117 of the shell 114 to help hold the absorbent article in place on thewearer. Generally, however, the body adhesive 144 is confined to beingplaced on the first side 115 of the shell 114, since placing the bodyadhesive on an area of the absorbent product 100 which contacts thefemale genitalia such as the labia majora may cause discomfort to thewearer of the absorbent product 100.

The adhesive may be applied in a pattern of small discrete dots so as toleave numerous areas free from adhesive. Alternatively, the adhesive maybe applied as a continuous bead, or may be applied as a series ofsemi-continuous beads. Other suitable adhesive patterns may be selectedfor applying the body adhesive 144 to the body-contacting first side 115of the absorbent article 100. For example, adhesive patterns can beoval, swirls, various linear or non-linear arrays of adhesivelongitudinally, and/or transversely oriented and reticulated webs havingunobstructed interstices between the adhesive fibers or combinationsthereof. As stated above, the adhesive patterns may be open or closed.The weights of adhesives are limited to less than about 800 g/m2, andgenerally less than about 400 g/m2. Generally, the weight of theadhesive is at least 20 g/m2. Typically, the adhesive is applied in anamount of about 100 to about 400 g/m2. The limitations on the basisweight of the adhesive are important to provide the correct adhesivecharacteristics for applying directly to the wearer's vulva region andoptionally the pubic and perinea regions of the wearer's body. If thebasis weight is too high, the absorbent article will have a stickyfeeling or otherwise uncomfortable feeling. If the basis weight of theadhesive is too low, there may be insufficient adhesion to the body ofthe wearer.

Generally, the body adhesive 144 is applied in a manner which issymmetrical about the longitudinal axis which bisects the absorbentarticle 100 and divides the absorbent article 100 into substantiallyequal portions. This symmetrical pattern provides the wearer a balancedfeel when wearing the absorbent article 100. The symmetrical patternalso reduces the perception of any associated discomfort when theabsorbent article 100 is removed from the body.

As is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, to protect the body adhesive 144, a peelsheet or release sheet 146 may be used to prevent the body adhesive 144from becoming contaminated, thus loosing its ability to stick to thebody of a wearer and/or prematurely adhering to an unintended surface.Suitable materials for use as a peel strip 146 are well known in the artand are commercially available. Examples of suitable peel sheets orrelease sheets include, a silicone coated Kraft paper, a silicone coatedfilm or the like. Other release coating includes coating containingpolytetrafluoroethylene. The peel sheet or release sheet 146 may extendbeyond one or both of the ends and/or sides of the shell, as shown inFIG. 9. Alternatively, the release sheet 46 may be sized to only coverthe body adhesive on the first side 115 of the shell 114, as is shown inFIG. 8. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the releasesheet may extend beyond the adhesive at one or more locations, such asone of the ends or one of the sides of the shell 114 by providing therelease sheet 146 with a tab (not shown) for the wearer to grasp toremove the release sheet 146 from the absorbent article 100 and the bodyadhesive 144 on the absorbent article 100. When the release sheet 146extends beyond the adhesive, it is generally easier for the wearer toremove the release sheet 146 to place the absorbent article 100 for use.

Alternatively, the release sheet 146 may be provided with a pressuresensitive adhesive to hold the release sheet 146 in place when theabsorbent article is devoid of an adhesive for body attachment. In thisconfiguration, the release sheet 146 serves to protect the absorbentstructure and first side of the shell from dirt and damage prior to use.

In another alternative, a release sheet may not be necessary. Forexample, the absorbent article may be rolled, folded onto itself orstacked upon each other. In these configurations, a release sheet is notneeded. If rolled, the body adhesive 144 will generally contact thesecond side 117 of the shell 114 or the liquid impermeable backsheet 123of the absorbent structure. The body adhesive 144 should releasablystick to one second side of the shell by readily releasing when unrolledby the wearer. In addition, the body adhesive 144 should not leave aresidue on the second side 117 of the shell 114, of the backsheet 123.This should similarly occur when the absorbent articles 100 are stackedupon each other such that the body adhesive 144 of one article willattach the second side 117 of the shell and/or backing sheet of a secondarticle. In another possible configuration, the absorbent article 100may be folded along the longitudinal axis 1 of the lateral axis suchthat the body adhesive 144 in one area comes into contact with bodyadhesive in another area. In the folded configuration, the body adhesiveshould be selected such that the body adhesive will release from itselfwhen manipulated by a wearer.

The dimensions and shape of the shell 114 should be such that it isappropriately sized for its intended use. The same is true for the sizeand shape of the absorbent structure 121 and the size of the opening105. Generally, the size and shape of the absorbent structure 121 willdictate the size of the shell 114. The shape of the shell 114 isselected so that the absorbent article will have a comfortable feelingfor the wearer, thereby providing protection against leaks andpreventing the absorbent article from becoming dislodged from the bodyof the wearer during use. Generally, the shell 114 will be curved to fitthe body of a wearer. The shell 114 also generally gives the absorbentarticle 100 its overall size and shape in the longitudinal 1 and lateral2 directions. That is, the shell is generally longer and wider than theabsorbent structure, as can be seen in the figures. In other words, theshell 114 will be wider in the lateral direction 2 than the absorbentstructure 121, and the shell will be longer in the longitudinaldirection 1 than the absorbent structure 121. As is mentioned above, itis possible for the absorbent structure 121 to be longer than the shell114 but it is not generally wider.

When the absorbent article 100 is intended for use as a pantiliner, asanitary napkin or a feminine incontinence article, the shell 114 shouldbe wider and longer than the absorbent structure 121 attached to thesecond side 117 of the shell 114. The opening 105 in the shell 114should generally be at least as wide and as long as the labia majora ofthe wearer. This will prevent the shell 114 from contacting thesensitive parts of a wearer's body. The absorbent structure 121 shouldbe as large as or larger than the opening 105. As a result, to fit mostwomen, the absorbent structure 121 is longer in the longitudinaldirection 1 than it is wide in the lateral direction 2 of the absorbentstructure. Generally, for most women, the labia majora are generallybetween about 40 mm and about 70 mm in width and between about 80 mm and150 mm in length. Ideally, the absorbent structure 121 and opening 105should be wider than the labia majora and slightly longer than the labiaminora and slightly longer than or equal to the labia majora. Generally,the absorbent structure 121 and opening 105 should be between about 40mm and 90 mm in width in the lateral direction 2 and between about 95 mmand about 150 mm in length in the longitudinal direction 1. The shape ofthe absorbent structure 121 and opening 105 will generally tend to beoblong and may be an oval, a rectangle, tear drop shaped, hourglassshaped or racetrack shaped. As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, theabsorbent structure 121 may be generally elliptical or oval in shape tomatch the size and shape of the vaginal area of most women.

Generally, the shape of the shell 114 may vary from a generally ovalshape, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, to a shape which is a generallyhourglass-like shape, shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. By a generally hourglassshape, it is meant shape in which the sides 119 of the shell 114converge towards one another at a point along the longitudinal axis ofthe shell 114 to form a narrowest portion 133 of the absorbent article100. Generally, the hourglass-like shape provides a cut-out for thewearer's legs. By having an hourglass-like shape, the shell 114 will notbe attached to the legs of a wearer during use. This will provide morecomfort for the wearer of the absorbent article 100. The shape of theshell 114 should be selected such that the absorbent article 100 will becomfortable to wear, while providing very effective leakage protectionto the wearer. The shell 114 and the absorbent structure 121 should beable to adapt to the curvature of a wearers body during use. Otherpossible shapes for the shell 114 not specifically shown may also beused, provided that the shape will provide comfort to the wearer of theabsorbent article.

To obtain an effective attachment of the absorbent article to thewearer, when the absorbent article is used as a sanitary napkin or anincontinence article, generally the width of the shell should be atleast 10 mm on either side of the labia majora. Generally, the shell 114of the absorbent article 100 will have a width, in the lateral direction2, between about 50 mm up to 200 mm or more. Typically, the shell willbe between about 60 and 120 mm at its narrowest point. This will allowthe shell 114 to have a first side 115 that can be effectively attachedto the skin of a wearer on either side of the labia majora.

In addition, the absorbent article 100 may also be configured to have ananterior region 164, a central region 165 and a posterior region 166, asis shown in FIG. 1. As used herein, the term “anterior” refers to thedirection towards the front of the wearer during use. As used herein,the term “posterior” refers to the direction towards the back of thewearer during use. A particular embodiment is shown in FIG. 1 of anabsorbent article having a configuration designed to fit specific areasof the vulva region of a wearer. By providing specific portions forattachment to specific areas of the body of the wearer, the absorbentarticle may be configured to better fit the body of the wearer. Theanterior region 164 of the absorbent article will be the portion of theabsorbent article between the absorbent structure 121 and the first end161 of the absorbent article 100. The posterior region 166 of theabsorbent article 100 will be the portion of the absorbent articlebetween the absorbent structure 121 and the second end 162 of theabsorbent article 100. Generally, the posterior region 166 will bedesigned to be placed between the vagina area and the anal area of thewearer. The anterior region 164 is designed to be placed on the monsVeneris region of a female wearer. The central region 165 of theabsorbent article 100 is designed to cover the vagina area of the wearerand the skin area surrounding the lateral sides of the labia majora,when the absorbent article is used as a pantiliner, sanitary napkin oran incontinence article. In an alternative use, the absorbent article ofthe present invention may also be used as an underwear replacement, or aguard for a swimming suit.

To obtain an effective attachment to the body of the wearer, the shell114 can be configured to be anatomically correct for a wearer. As isshown in FIG. 10, the shape of the absorbent article 100 is such that itwill correctly and securely fit in the vulva region of a wearer. Thegeneral shape of the absorbent article shown in FIG. 10 has been foundto effectively attach to the vulva region of female wearers of theabsorbent article. Additional features may be included to ensure ananatomically correct shape. For example, in the posterior region of theabsorbent article 100, more particularly, the posterior region of theshell on the first side 115, the shell 114 may be imparted with athree-dimensional protrusion 167, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Theprotrusion 167 acts to fit comfortably in the perinea region of thewearer. The protrusion 167 may be formed from the shell material or maybe formed from the body adhesive 144. By providing the three-dimensionalprotrusion 167, the absorbent article 100 can effectively fit to thetypical body shape of the female wearer, thereby preventing leaks formthe posterior region of the absorbent article. The protrusion 167 mayalso serve as a guide to the wearer in placement of the absorbentarticle 100 on the body of a wearer prior to use.

The absorbent article 100 of the present invention may have otherfeatures which aid the wearer to place and remove the absorbent articlefrom the body. As is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the second side 117 ofthe shell 114 or the backsheet 123 may be provided with positioning aidssuch as a finger pocket 199, shown in FIG. 12, or finger grooves in theshell 114 (not shown) material or backsheet 123 of the absorbentstructure 121 as is shown in FIG. 12. Generally, the finger pocket 199has an opening 198 positioned such that a wearer inserts their fingerstowards the posterior region 166 or second end 162 of the absorbentarticle 100. The pocket 199 gives the wearer a location to place herfingers during placement of the absorbent article 100 onto the wearer'sbody. The pocket 199 may be an opening wide enough for the wearer toplace at least two fingers in the pocket. Alternatively, there may betwo or more openings which allow the wearer to place only one finger ineach opening. Other similar positioning aids may be used to help guide awearer to properly place the absorbent article for use. For example,grooves may be placed in the second side 117 of the shell 114 orbacksheet 123 of the absorbent structure. This may allow the wearer tofeel the location of the absorbent structure relative to the vulvaregion during application of the absorbent article 100 to the vulvaregion of the body. The pocket 199 may also assist the wearer inremoving the absorbent article from their body or removing the absorbentstructure when it needs to be replaced.

The absorbent article 100 may also be provided with a removal aid whichprovides the wearer with an easy way to grasp and remove the absorbentarticle applied to the body. One particular removal aid is shown in FIG.13 including a tab 192 located on the first end 161 of the shell whichis not adhered to the body or is devoid of adhesive. Alternatively,other removal aids, such as having an area of the first end 161 beingdevoid of the body attaching adhesive 144 may be used. Other types ofremoval aid which may be present include loops and pull strings. Theremoval aid allows the wearer to effectively begin the process of gentlyremoving the absorbent article from the body of the wearer, without theneed of having to find a portion of the shell which may not becompletely attached.

Other features or additives may be incorporated into the absorbentarticle of the present invention. For example, the absorbent article maycontain an odor control agent, or a fragrance, skin wellness agents andother similar additives used in currently available absorbent articles.Any odor control agent or fragrance known to those skilled in the artmay be used in the absorbent article 100 of the present invention. Theodor control agent or fragrance may be added in various components ofthe absorbent article, including the shell 114, the absorbent structure121, or the body adhesive 144. Skin wellness additives may be added ontothe absorbent structure, any portion of the first surface 115 of theshell 114 attached to the wearer or in the body adhesive 144.

Generally, to apply the absorbent article 100 to the body of a wearer,the release sheet 146, protecting the absorbent structure and adhesive,if present, is removed from first surface of the shell. Next, the wearerpositions the absorbent structure of the portion of the body in whichabsorbency is needed. If positioning pockets or other positioning aidsare present on the absorbent structure, the wearer may optionally usethese positioning aids to properly place the absorbent article for use.In the case of sanitary napkins and incontinence absorbent articles forfemales, the absorbent is positioned over the vagina area such that theabsorbent structure will absorb body fluids. The wearer then checks toensure that the first region 101 of the shell or the adhesive 144, ifpresent, is contacting the skin around the vagina area.

If the absorbent article is intended to have a front and a back portion,the wearer first identifies the anterior region 164 and/or the posteriorregion 166 of the absorbent article. To aid in identification of theanterior and posterior regions, indicia located on the release sheet146, shell 114 or absorbent structure 121 viewable through the opening105 in the shell 114 to indicate the anterior region and/or posteriorregion of the absorbent article may be present. Indicia can be simplylettering or a picture to indicate the front or back of the absorbentarticle. Once the anterior region and posterior region are identified bythe wearer, the wearer places the absorbent article in the same mannerdescribed above. Examples of indicia which may be used include, color,wording, diagrams and the like, which would indicate to a wearer theanterior and posterior regions of the absorbent article.

In each case, the absorbent structure, which is designed to cover thelabia majora of the wearer, may be positioned with the aid of theabsorbent structure 121 or the opening 105. More specifically, theabsorbent structure and/or the opening, when sized and shaped to theapproximate size of the labia majora, can serve to guide the placementof the absorbent structure 121 over the labia majora. Once properlyplaced, pressure is applied by the wearer to the second side 117 and orbacksheet 123 of the shell which will allow the first surface of theshell to contact the skin of the wearer, or to allow any adhesiveapplied to the first surface to be applied to the skin of the wearer.

By having the absorbent article 100 attached to the body of a wearer,the absorbent article 100 will tend to move with the skin of the wearer.This results in a comfortable to wear absorbent article which will beless likely to leak than conventional absorbent articles. The absorbentarticle has a very close-to-the-body fit which may provide improveddiscretion for the wearer.

Other benefits of the absorbent article 100 of the present invention mayalso be provided. For example, when the first side 115 of the shell hasan adhesive applied thereto, upon removal of the absorbent article afteruse, the wearer may fold the first side of the shell onto itself todispose of the used absorbent article. An effective seal may be formedaround the perimeter of the shell, thereby effectively encapsulating theabsorbent structure within a closure and the backing sheet of theabsorbent layer. As a result, any odors associated with the absorbedfluids will be contained within the shell material and backing layer.Another use of the absorbent article of the present invention is atampon backup absorbent article. The absorbent article could beeffective in hiding the withdraw string of a tampon, while providingadditional leakage protection.

The absorbent article described above can be an individual absorbentarticle or may be part of an absorbent system, offering the wearer awide variety of options to fill the needs of the wearer. For example,the shell could be provided to wearers in a variety of shapes or sizesto allow wearers to select the appropriate shape or size for their givenbody shape. Likewise, the body adhesive may be provided in a variety ofadhesive strengths to match the adhesive strength needed or desired bythe wearer. By providing a variety of adhesive or other attachmentmeans, a wearer could select the shells to match body type, bodycondition and other various factors that may vary from one wearer toanother. Similarly, the absorbent structure could be provided in variousabsorbent capacities so that the wearer could select the appropriateabsorbency to match the wearer's needs.

The absorbent system may be provided to wearers in a variety ofpackaging arrangements. In one packaging arrangement, a plurality ofshells having different properties may be provided in separate packagesor could be provided in a single package. It is generally a betterpackaging arrangement if shells having similar properties, shapes orsizes are provided in a single package. That is, in a given package, thewearer is provided with a plurality of shells all having the same shape,size, and properties, such as the body attachment properties. Regardingthe absorbent structures, the absorbent structures could be provided tothe wearer in packages sorted by absorbent capacity or various absorbentcapacity structures could be provided in a single package. By having allabsorbent structures in a single package with a single absorbentcapacity, a wearer is able to select the correct absorbent capacity fortheir typical needs. However, by providing different absorbent capacityabsorbent structures in a single package, the wearer will be providedwith the ability to select the absorbent structure with the appropriateabsorbent capacity for a given situation, without the need to purchasemultiple packages of absorbent structures.

In another embodiment, a body adhesive absorbent article 200, which isillustrated in FIGS. 14-21, also comprises a shell 214 and an absorbentstructure 221 and has a longitudinal axis X and a transverse axis Y. Theshell 214 has a first region 201, a pair of lateral side regions 202,202′ extending from the first region, and an opening 205 (FIG. 15)extending longitudinally at least in part between the side regions. Theshell 214 also has a first side 215, which defines a body-facing surface(FIG. 14), and a second side 217, which defines a garment-facing surface(FIG. 17). In the illustrated embodiment, the first side 215 of theshell 214 has a body adhesive 244 on at least a portion thereof foradhering the absorbent article 200 directly to the wearer's skin, andparticularly, to a female wearer's skin surrounding her vulva region forthe illustrated absorbent article. The body adhesive 244 contacts theskin and hair, if present, in the vulva region and possibly the pubicregion and/or the perinea region of the wearer's body, therebysupporting and holding the shell 214 and absorbent structure 221 againstthe body of the wearer during use. A peel sheet or release sheet (notshown) may be used to prevent the body adhesive 244 from becomingcontaminated, thus losing its ability to stick to the body of the wearerand/or prematurely adhering to an unintended surface.

Generally, the size and shape of the absorbent structure 221, dependingon its intended use, will dictate the size of the shell 214. The shapeof the shell 214 is selected so that the absorbent article 200 will havea comfortable feeling for the wearer and inhibit the absorbent articleagainst becoming detached from the body of the wearer during use therebyproviding protection against leaks. In one suitable embodiment, theabsorbent article 200, including the shell 214 and absorbent structure221, is dimensioned and shaped to fit approximately 75 percent of adultfemales. It is understood, however, that the absorbent article 200 canbe dimensioned and shaped to fit more or fewer females. It is alsocontemplated that different sizes of the absorbent article 200 may beprovided to accommodate a greater percentage of females.

With reference to FIG. 16, the absorbent article 200 (and hence theshell 214) can be suitably divided into three general longitudinalregions: an anterior region 264, a posterior region 266 and a centralregion 265 extending longitudinally between and interconnecting theanterior and posterior regions. Each of these regions 264, 265, 266 issized and shaped for alignment with different body regions of a wearerof the absorbent article. More specifically, the anterior region 264 ofthe article 200 is adapted to be disposed adjacent the wearer's lowerabdomen region. The central region 265 is adapted to be disposed betweenthe upper thigh region of the wearer to cover the wearer's perineumregion and vaginal region. The posterior region 266 of the article 200is adapted to be disposed in the gluteal region of the wearer.

In the illustrated embodiment, the anterior region 264, the centralregion 265, and the posterior region 266 of the absorbent article 200are of roughly equal length, with each region corresponding generally toabout ⅓ of a total length L1 of the absorbent article 200. The length L1is defined herein as the longitudinal distance from a longitudinallyoutermost extent of the article 200 (and in the illustrated embodiment,the shell 214) in the anterior region 264 to a longitudinally outermostextent of the article (and in the illustrated embodiment, the shell) inthe posterior region 266. As an example, the length L1 of the shell 214(and hence the absorbent article 200 in the illustrated embodiment) maysuitably be in the range of about 170 mm to about 220 mm, and moresuitably in the range of about 190 mm to about 200 mm. As an additionalexample, the absorbent article 200, and more particularly the shell 214,has a length L1 of about 194 mm. It is understood that the absorbentarticle 200 may have a length L1 different that those set forth abovewithout departing from some aspects of this invention. It is alsocontemplated that two or all three of the article regions 264, 265, 266may instead be of unequal lengths depending on the desired fit and theintended body placement of the article without departing from the scopeof this invention.

The absorbent structure 221 of FIGS. 14-21 is suitably adhered to thefirst side (i.e., body-facing surface) 215 of the shell 214 and is sizedand located relative to the shell such that the shell extends bothlongitudinally and transversely outward beyond the periphery of theabsorbent structure in at least the anterior region 264 and the centralregion 265, and more suitably in at least a portion of the posteriorregion 266 as well. The absorbent structure 221 is offsetlongitudinally, i.e., not centered lengthwise on the transverse orlateral axis of the absorbent article, such that the shell 214 extendslongitudinally outward beyond the absorbent structure a greater distancein the anterior region 264 of the article 200 than in the posteriorregion. It is understood, though, that the absorbent structure 221 maybe longitudinally centered so that the shell 214 extends equallylongitudinally outward beyond the absorbent structure, or may be offsetlongitudinally toward the anterior region 264 so that the outwardlongitudinal extension of the shell beyond the absorbent structure isgreater in the posterior region 265 than in the anterior region withoutdeparting from the scope of this invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 16, the anterior region 264 of the absorbentarticle 200 comprises the first region 201 of the shell 214 and includesa portion of the absorbent structure 221. Since much of the first side(i.e., body-facing surface) 215 of the shell 214 is exposed (i.e., notcovered by the absorbent structure 221) in the anterior region 264 ofthe absorbent article 200, a relatively large surface area of the firstside of the shell has body adhesive 244 applied thereto for adhering theshell, and hence the absorbent article, to the wearer.

A first end 261 of the absorbent article 200, and more particularly alongitudinal edge of the anterior region 264 defining this first end ofthe absorbent article 200, is suitably contoured along the width of theshell at this first end to accommodate the lower abdomen region of thewearer. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the longitudinalextent (e.g., length) of the shell 214 relative to the transverse axisof the article is non-uniform across the width of the shell at the firstend 261 of the article, and more suitably increases as the shell extendstransversely outward from the longitudinal axis of the article totransversely, or laterally opposite sides 219 of the article and moreparticularly laterally opposite side edges of the shell. Accordingly, agreatest longitudinal extent of the shell 214 is generally adjacent theintersection of the longitudinal end 261 with the respective sides 219of the article (i.e., the shell in the embodiment of FIG. 16). Moresuitably, the longitudinal edge of the shell 214 (i.e., at first end 261of article 200 in the illustrated embodiment) is generally arcuate as itextends across the width of the shell at its longitudinal edge. It isunderstood, however, that the contour of the longitudinal edge of theshell 214 in the anterior region 264 of the article may be V-shaped,U-shaped or other suitable shape without departing from the scope ofthis invention.

The contoured longitudinal edge of the shell 214 (i.e., first end 261 ofthe article 200 in the illustrated embodiment) thus broadly defines arecess in the anterior region 264 of the article (and thus of the shellin this instance). This recess defines a longitudinal distance D1between the longitudinally outermost extent of the longitudinal edge ofthe shell 214 in the anterior region 264 and the longitudinal extent ofthe longitudinal edge of the shell at the longitudinal axis of thearticle 200 in the anterior region. In one suitable embodiment, thedistance D1 of the recess is in the range of about 5 mm to about 35 mm,and more suitably about 12 mm to about 18 mm. As one example, thedistance D1 of the recess at the anterior region 264 in the embodimentof FIG. 16 is approximately 15 mm.

The sides 219 of the illustrated article 200 are suitably defined bytransversely opposite side edges of the shell 214. These side edges ofthe shell 214 are contoured so that the overall width of the article 200(i.e., the distance between the transversely opposite sides 219thereof), and more particularly the width of the shell in theillustrated embodiment, is non-uniform along the length L1 of thearticle to define leg cutouts for accommodating the upper thighs of thewearer. In one suitable embodiment, the width of the article 200 andhence the shell 214 increases from a narrowest width W2 in the centralregion 265 of the article toward each of the longitudinally oppositeends (261 and 204, 204′) of the article. Still more suitably, the widthof the article 200 and more suitably the shell 214 is also greater inthe anterior region 264 of the article than in the posterior region 266.In the illustrated embodiment, for example, a greatest width W1 of thearticle 200 is defined by the transverse side edges of the shell 214adjacent the longitudinal edge of the shell (e.g., first end 261 of thearticle 200) in the anterior region 264 of the article. As additionalexamples, the greatest width W1 of the article 200 and more particularlythe shell 214 is in the range of about 52 mm to about 180 mm and moresuitably about 140 mm to about 170 mm. In the illustrated embodiment ofFIG. 16, the greatest width W1 of the article 200 is approximately 150mm. The narrowest width W2 of the article 200 and more particularly theshell 214 is in the range of about 45 mm to about 85 mm, and moresuitably about 60 mm to about 80 mm. In the illustrated embodiment, forexample, the narrowest width W2 of the shell 214 is approximately 78 mm.In other embodiments, a ratio of the length L1 of the shell 214 (andhence the article 200 in the illustrated embodiment) to the narrowestwidth W2 of the shell 214 (and hence article 200) is in the range ofabout 3 to about 1, and more suitably about 2 to about 1.

In the article 200 illustrated in FIG. 16, the sides 219 of the article200 and more particularly the transverse side edges of the shell 214 aregenerally arcuate along substantially the entire length L1 of thearticle. Alternatively, the sides 219 may be arcuate along only aportion of the length L1 of the article. It is also understood that thesides 219 defining the leg cutouts may be V-shaped, U-shaped or othersuitably shape, or they may be uniform (e.g., straight or longitudinal)along substantially the entire length L1 of the article 200. It is alsounderstood that the sides 219 of the article may be contoured to definearticle 200 widths other than those set forth above without departingfrom the scope of this invention. It is further understood that thegreatest width of the article 200 may be other than in the anteriorregion 264, and/or the narrowest width may be other than in the centralregion 265 of the article and remain within the scope of this invention.

Still referring to FIG. 16, the contoured longitudinal edge of the shell214 (e.g., first end 261 of the article 200) at the anterior region 264,together with the contoured transverse side edges of the shell (e.g.,article sides 219) where these side edges generally intersect thelongitudinal edge of the shell, define a pair of transversely spacedtabs 220 in the anterior region. Each tab 220 has a central axis CAextending in part transversely outward of the shell 214 and in partlongitudinally outward of the shell. Each of the tabs 220 suitably hasbody adhesive 244 on the body-facing surface (e.g., first side 215) foradhering the tabs directly to the wearer and more suitably to theabdomen region of the wearer. In one particularly suitable embodiment,the tabs 220 are sized to extend to a region of the wearer that haslittle or no pubic hair to facilitate better adherence to the wearer'sskin. For example, in one embodiment each of the tabs 220 extendsoutward along its central axis CA away from the peripheral edge of theabsorbent structure 221 a distance D5 in the range of about 20 mm toabout 90 mm, and more suitably about 45 mm to about 70 mm. Each tab 220also has a transversely outermost extent (which in the illustratedembodiment defines the greatest width W1 of the shell 214 and hence thearticle 200) defining a distance D6 from the longitudinal axis of thearticle to the transversely outermost extent of a respective one of thetabs (which is approximately half of the width W1 of the shell). In aparticularly suitable embodiment, a ratio of the distance D6 (that thetab 220 extends transversely outward) to the distance D5 (the length ofthe tab along its central axis CA) is in the range of about 1 to about2. In another suitable embodiment, a ratio of the distance D6 to adistance between the longitudinal axis of the shell 214 and a side edgeof the absorbent structure 221 (i.e., about half of the width W5 shownin FIG. 21) is in the range of about 2 to about 5.

Each of the tabs 220 further has a longitudinally outermost extent(which in the illustrated embodiment defines the outermost extent of thelongitudinal edge of the shell 214) in the anterior region 264 defininga length L2 from the transverse axis of the shell 214 to thelongitudinally outermost extent of the tab 220. This length L2 issuitably in the range of about 50 mm to about 120 mm, and more suitablyabout 70 mm to about 100 mm. As illustrated in FIG. 16, the absorbentstructure 221 extends longitudinally into the anterior region 264 of thearticle and has a longitudinally outermost extent defining a length L3from the transverse axis to the longitudinally outermost extent of theabsorbent structure in the anterior region. For example, this length L3may suitably be in the range of about 30 mm to about 90 mm, and moresuitably about 50 mm to about 70 mm. In another embodiment, a ratio ofthe length L2 (the longitudinally outermost extent of the tabs 220) tothe length L3 (the longitudinally outermost extent of the absorbentstructure 221 in the anterior region 264) is in the range of about 3 toabout 1 and more suitably about 2 to about 1.

With reference now to FIGS. 16 and 20, the posterior region 266 of theabsorbent article 200 includes the opening 205 in the shell 214 withportions of the lateral side regions 202, 202′ broadly defining a pairof transversely spaced tabs disposed on opposite sides of the opening.The posterior region 266 disposition of these tabs is such that the tabsare aligned generally with the buttocks of the wearer rearward of theperineal region. In the illustrated embodiment, the opening 205 is inthe form of a generally V-shaped ingress extending longitudinally on thelongitudinal axis of the article 200 such that the tabs are free to flexrelative to the central region 265 of the article and generallyindependent of each other to accommodate normal movement of the wearer'sthighs and buttocks. In one particularly suitable embodiment, theingress 205 extends longitudinally inward from the distal end 204, 204′of the absorbent article 200 (and more particularly a greatestlongitudinal extent of the shell in the posterior region 266) a distanceD2 in the range of about 5 mm to about 100 mm, and more suitably about50 mm to about 80 mm. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, theingress 205 has a distance D2 of about 75 mm. In another embodiment, thedistance D2 of the ingress 205 is in the range of about 5 percent toabout 60 percent of the length L1 of the shell 214, and more suitablyabout 25 percent to about 40 percent of the length L1. In otherembodiments, a ratio of the distance D1 of the recess in the anteriorregion 264 of the shell 214 to the distance D2 of the ingress 205 in theposterior region 266 is in the range of about 4 to about 1, and moresuitably between about 3 and about 1. In still another embodiment, aratio of the distance D1 of the recess in the anterior region 264 of theshell 214 to the total length L1 of the shell is suitably in the rangeof about 0.03 to about 0.2 and more suitably in the range of about 0.06to about 0.09. It is understood, however, that the ingress 205 can belarger or smaller without departing from some aspects of this invention.

Turning now to FIGS. 18 and 19, the absorbent structure 221 can comprisea single layer structure or be constructed of multiple layers. Theillustrated absorbent structure 221, for example, comprises an absorbentcore 222, an intake layer 225, a top sheet 224, and a liquid impermeablebacksheet 223. A total thickness T1 of the absorbent article 200 issuitably in the range of about 1 mm to about 12 mm, and more suitablyabout 2.5 mm to about 5 mm. As one example, the thickness T1 of theillustrated absorbent article is approximately 3.5 mm. It is understood,however, that the thickness T1 may be other than as set forth abovedepending at least in part on the intended use of the absorbent article200. For example, an absorbent article 200 in which the absorbentstructure 221 is intended to be used in the manner a maxi-pad may have agreater thickness T1 than an absorbent article in which the absorbentstructure is to be used in the manner of a panty-liner. In anothersuitable embodiment, the absorbent structure 221 has a thickness T2 inthe range of about 1 mm to about 12 mm, and more suitably in the rangeof about 1.5 mm to about 5 mm. In the illustrated embodiment, forexample, the thickness T2 of the absorbent structure is approximately 3mm. The shell 214 itself may have a thickness T3 between about 0.03 mmand about 5.0 mm, and more suitably about 0.1 mm to about 3.0 mm. In oneparticularly suitable embodiment, the thickness T3 of the shell 214 isbetween 0.25 mm and about 3.0 mm. In the illustrated embodiment, forexample, the shell 214 has a thickness T3 of about 0.5 mm.

With reference now to FIG. 21, the illustrated absorbent structure 221has an upper portion 235, a middle portion 237, and a lower portion 239.The absorbent structure is generally hourglass shaped, with the upperportion 235 suitably having a width W4 between about 10 mm and about 80mm, and more suitably about 30 mm to about 60 mm. In the illustratedembodiment, for example, the width W4 of the upper portion 235 isapproximately 47 mm. The middle portion 237, which is the narrowestportion of the absorbent structure 221, may have a width W5 betweenabout 10 mm and about 80 mm, and more suitably about 30 mm to about 60mm. In the illustrated embodiment, the width W5 of the middle portion237 is approximately 40 mm. The lower portion 239 has a width W6 betweenabout 10 mm and about 120 mm, and more suitably about 40 mm to about 80mm. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the width W6 of thelower portion 239 is approximately 63 mm. In another suitableembodiment, the absorbent structure 221 has a longitudinal length L4 inthe range of about 80 mm and about 180 mm, and more suitably about 110mm to about 150 mm. As one example, the longitudinal length L4 of theillustrated absorbent structure 221 is about 145 mm. It is understood,however, that the absorbent structure may be sized in width and/orlength other than as set forth above without departing from the scope ofthis invention. It is also understood that the absorbent structure 221may be any suitable shape other than a generally hourglass shape withinthe scope of this invention.

With reference back to FIG. 16, the absorbent structure 221 is securedto the first side (i.e., body-facing surface) 215 of the shell 214, suchthat at least a portion of the absorbent structure covers the opening oringress 205 in the shell. The absorbent structure 221 may be attached tothe shell 214 in a permanent manner, meaning that the absorbentstructure is generally intended not to be removable by the wearer of theabsorbent article 200. Alternatively, it may be removably and in someembodiments refastenably) attached to the shell 214, such that theabsorbent structure 221 may be removed (and in some embodimentsreattached) by a wearer.

The shell 214 and absorbent structure 221 are sized relative to eachother such that a portion of the shell extends outward beyond theperipheral edge of the absorbent structure along at least a portion ofthe peripheral edge of the absorbent structure. In this manner, aportion of the shell 214 about the periphery of the absorbent structure221 is uncovered with the first side (i.e., body-facing surface) 215 ofthe shell exposed and available for adhesion to the wearer. For example,the shell 214 in one suitable embodiment extends outward beyond theperipheral edge of the absorbent structure 200 at least in the anteriorregion 264 and central region 265, and more suitably also in a portionof the posterior region 266. In accordance with one embodiment, forexample, the shell 214 extends outward of the peripheral edge of theabsorbent structure 221 a distance D3 in the range of at least about 3mm, more suitably in the range of about 5 mm to about 15 mm and evenmore suitably about 8 mm to about 13 mm. In one embodiment, the entirefirst side 215 of the uncovered portion of the shell 214 has bodyadhesive 244 thereon for adhering the shell and thereby the absorbentarticle to the wearer.

As illustrated in FIG. 16, the distance that the shell 214 extendsoutward beyond the peripheral edge of the absorbent structure 221 issuitably non-uniform about the periphery of the absorbent structure.More particularly, the shell 214 extends transversely outward beyondeach of the side edges of the absorbent structure 221 a greater distancein the anterior region 264 than in the central region 265. It isunderstood, however, that shell 214 may extend a uniform distanceoutward of the absorbent structure 221, or may extend outward accordingto a different pattern than illustrated in FIG. 16, and remain withinthe scope of this invention. In another suitable embodiment, the firstside (i.e., body-facing surface) 215 of the shell 214 has a totalsurface area in the range of about 50,000 mm² to about 20,000 mm², andmore suitably about 30,000 mm² to about 40,000 mm². The absorbentstructure 221 has a total body-facing surface area of about 4,500 mm² to45,000 mm² and more suitably about 15,000 mm² to about 20,000 mm². Thus,between about 10,000 mm² and about 45,000 mm², and more suitably about18,000 mm² to about 22,000 mm² of surface area of the first side 215 ofthe shell 214 remains uncovered by the absorbent structure 221. Statedanother way, about 40 percent to about 95 percent, and more suitablyabout 40 percent to about 65 percent of the shell 214 is uncovered bythe absorbent structure 221.

As one example, in the illustrated embodiment the shell 214 has a totalsurface area of about 34,000 mm² of which about 20,000 mm² is uncoveredand available to have body adhesive 244 applied thereto. The illustratedabsorbent structure 221 has a total body-facing surface area of about18,000 mm² of which about 14,500 mm² covers or overlies the shell 214.Accordingly, about 60 percent of the illustrated shell 214 has bodyadhesive 244 and can be used to adhere the absorbent article 200 to thewearer's skin. It is understood, however, that less than the entireexposed area of the shell 214 can have body adhesive 244 thereon. It isalso understood that body adhesive can be applied to the absorbentstructure 221 to adhere or partially adhere the absorbent structure tothe wearer's skin.

Additional embodiments of an absorbent article 10 of the presentspecification are illustrated in FIGS. 22 through 41. As in the previousembodiments, one component of the absorbent article 10 is a shell 14having a first side 15 and a second side 17. The shell 14 serves toprovide the overall contour or silhouette of the absorbent article ofthe present invention. In addition, the shell 14 also provides a surfacefor attachment or adhesion of the absorbent article 10 to the body of auser.

The first side 15 of the shell 14 is the body facing side of theabsorbent article 10 and the second side 17 of the shell 14 is thegarment facing side of the absorbent article. The first side 15 of theshell 14 has a first area 11 and a second area 12. The first area 11surrounds or bounds the majority of the second area 12, as is clearlyshown in FIG. 22. By “surrounds or bounds the majority”, it is meantthat at least 51% of a circumference 12C of the second area 12 contactsthe first area 11. Generally, at least 60% of the circumference 12C ofthe second area 12 contacts the first area 11. In a particularembodiment, at least 75% of the circumference 12C of the second area 12is in contact with the first area 11. In another particular embodiment,at least 90% of the circumference 12C of the second area 12 is incontact with the first area 11. In a further embodiment of the presentinvention, at least 95% of the circumference 12C of the second area 12is in contact with the first area 11. In still a further embodiment ofthe present invention, the first area 11 completely surrounds the secondarea 12 of the shell 14 as is shown in FIG. 23.

In one embodiment, the first area 11 of the first side of the shell 14is designed or adapted to contact, attach or adhere to the wearer'sskin. In one particular embodiment, the first area 11 of the shell 14 isdesigned or adapted to contact a female wearer's skin surrounding thevulva region of the female torso when the absorbent article 10 isapplied to the wearer. Generally, the shell 14 is sized and shaped suchthat the extent of the first area of the shell only contacts andattaches or adheres to the skin surrounding and proximate to the vulvaarea and possibly the pubic and perinea regions of the wearer. Inaddition to contacting the skin in the vulva, pubic and perinea regionsof the wearer, the first area 11 of the first area of the shell 14 mayalso contact and attach or adhere to any hair in the vulva area of theuser which may be present. The first area 11 is the portion of the firstside 15 of the shell 14 which holds the absorbent article in place onthe user.

Generally, the second area 12 of the shell 14 is the portion of theshell 14 which provides absorbency to the absorbent product. That is,the second area 12 of the first side to the shell is any area of thefirst side of the shell which has an absorbent structure attachedthereto, or has absorbent properties. In one particular embodiment ofthe present invention, the second area 12 of the shell 14 has anabsorbent structure 21 contained therein or attached to the shell 14 inthe second area. It is noted that the second area 12 may be a singlecontiguous area or may be two or more distinct areas. Generally, thesecond area 12 is a single contiguous area from an ease of manufacturingstandpoint. In an alternative embodiment, the second area 12 of theshell may contain an absorbent material integrated into the shell 14,such that the second area 12 of the shell is absorbent without thepresence of an additional absorbent structure. The second area 12 shellmay have an absorbent material coated or impregnated into the shellmaterial.

The shell 14 of the absorbent article 10 may be prepared from a varietyof materials and can be liquid impermeable or liquid permeable. Theshell 14 may, for example, include a polymeric film, a woven fabric, anonwoven fabric or the like, as well as combinations or compositesthereof. For example, the shell 14 may include a polymer film laminatedto a woven or nonwoven fabric. A laminate shell 14 structure is shown inFIG. 25, having an upper layer 21 and a lower layer 20, wherein theupper layer is the body-facing side of the shell 14 and the lower layeris the garment facing side of the shell 14. In a particular feature, thepolymer film can be composed of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester,silicone or the like, as well as combinations thereof. Additionally, thepolymer film may be micro-embossed, have a printed design, have aprinted message to the consumer, and/or may be at least partiallycolored. Suitably, the shell 14 can operatively permit a sufficientpassage of air and moisture vapor out of the absorbent article 10,particularly out of an absorbent structure 21 while blocking the passageof bodily fluids and odors often associated with bodily fluids. Anexample of a suitable shell material can include a breathable,microporous film, such as those described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No.6,045,900 to Haffner et al., the entire disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof. Other shellmaterials which are extensible may be used in the present invention.Examples of extensible backsheet materials are described in U.S. Pat.No. 5,611,790, issued Mar. 18, 1997, to Osborn, III et al., hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the shell 14 maybe a laminate of a woven or nonwoven fabric with a silicone polymer,wherein the silicone polymer has adhesive properties. The second side 17of the shell will be woven or nonwoven fabric and the first side 15 ofthe shell will be silicone polymer. One commercially available laminateis an Oleeva Fabric® l available from Bio Med Sciences, Inc., which haveoffices at 7584 Morris Court, Suite 218 Allentown, Pa. 18106. The OleevaFabric® is a silicone sheeting having adhesive properties laminated to afabric backing. The silicone sheeting will form the body facing firstside 15 of the shell material. Relating this particular structure to theFigures, in FIG. 25, the silicone polymer is the upper layer 141 of theshell 14 and the nonwoven or woven layer is the lower layer 142 of theshell.

Bicomponent films or other multi-component films can also be used as theshell 14 material. In addition, woven and/or nonwoven fabrics which havebeen treated to render them operatively liquid-impermeable can also beused as an effective shell 14 material. Another suitable shell materialcan include a closed-cell polyolefin foam, a polyurethane polymermaterial, a silicone polymer or other similar materials. Siliconepolymers having naturally occurring adhesive properties, or siliconepolymers having a silicone adhesive layer applied thereto are ofparticular interest for the shell material. Such silicone polymers willallow the first area 11 of the shell 14 to adhere to the body of theuser without the need of an additional adhesive. These materials may belaminated to another material such that the second side 17 of the shell14, which is the garment facing side of the absorbent article 10, sothat the adhesive nature of the silicone polymer does not adhere thegarment to the undergarment of the user. In another embodiment of thepresent invention, the shell material may be prepared from aninterpenetrating polymer network or two or more polymers. Generally, oneof the polymers of the interpenetrating polymer network may be asilicone material. Examples of interpenetrating polymer networks aredescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,560, issued to Dillion, which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

The shell material should be selected such that the overall propertiesof the shell allow the shell material to move the skin of the userduring normal use and normal movements by the user during use. The shell14 should not be too rigid, such that the shell detaches from the skinof the user during use and the shell should not be so flexible that theshell tends to twist and bunch during use. The shell 14 should havesufficient flexibility to conform to the skin of the user and becomesimilar to a second skin of the user.

Generally, the shell material should have sufficient thickness to allowthe shell 14 to mold to the body of the user, but not too thick that theshell 14 becomes uncomfortable for the user to wear. In addition, theshell 14 should not be so thin that it ineffectively forms a seal withthe skin of the user when applied to the user, or becomes detached fromthe skin of the user during use and normal movement of the user duringuse or that it does not adequately conform to the shape and skin of theuser at the point of attachment to the user. Depending on the materialused for the shell, the typical thickness of the shell is between 0.03mm and about 5.0 mm, more particularly between 0.1 mm and 3.0 mm. In oneparticular embodiment, the thickness of the shell is between 0.25 mm andabout 3.0 mm. Again, the actual thickness used is dependent of severalfactors including rigidity of the material, the flexibility of thematerial and the ability of the material to assume the shape of the skinof the user at the location of use, which is typically the vulva regionof a user.

The second side 17 of the shell 14 forms the garment-facing side of theabsorbent article when worn by a user. The shell 14 material should beselected such that the second side of the shell will freely move againstthe undergarment or clothing of a user. One way to achieve this resultis to have the second side 17 of the shell 14 to have a fairly lowcoefficient of friction. This will allow the second side 17 of the shell14 to freely move against the undergarment or other clothing worn by theuser. If the second side 17 of the shell 14 does not freely move againstthe undergarment or other clothing worn by the user, the absorbentarticle may catch on the undergarment or clothing, which may result inthe absorbent article being prematurely and undesirably removed from theuser or may cause the absorbent article to be shifted from its desiredplacement against the body of a user.

In order to achieve the desired coefficient of friction on the secondside 17 of the shell 14, the materials used to prepare the shell couldbe selected such that the second side 17 of the shell material willinherently have the desired coefficient of friction. Alternatively, thesecond side 17 of the shell 14 may be treated with a coatingcomposition, such a polytetrafluoroethylene containing coating, asilicone containing coating or other similar coating having lowcoefficient of friction properties. Alternatively, the shell 14 could bemade from a laminate of two or more materials such that the first side15 of the shell 14 is prepared from a material which meets the neededproperties of the first side 15, while the material selected for thesecond side 17 of the shell 14 meets the desired coefficient of frictionsuch that the second side 17 will freely move against the undergarmentor garment being worn by a user.

The shell 14 of the absorbent article 10 may be flat or may have athree-dimensional shape. As is shown in FIG. 26, which is a sideperspective view of the absorbent article the shell 14 has athree-dimensional concave shape. Alternatively, as is shown incross-sectional side views of FIGS. 24, 25 and 27, the shell 14 may havea generally flat shape. By providing the absorbent article 10 with athree-dimensional concave shape as is shown in FIG. 26, placement of thearticle may be easier for the user. Generally, the three-dimensionalshape could be such that it closely matches the overall generalcurvature of the vulva region and optionally the pubic and perinearegions of most women, when the absorbent article is used as apantiliner, sanitary napkin or a feminine incontinence article. To formthe shell 14 with a three-dimensional shape, the shell may be molded inany manner known to those skilled in the art, for example heat molding.The manner in which the three-dimensional shape is imparted to the shell14 is not critical to the present invention.

When the shell 14 is a flat shape, meaning that the shell does not havea third dimension other than thickness, the shell 14 should be made tobe flexible enough that the shell 14 can conform to the body of the userat the point of attachment. In addition to being flat, the overall shapeof the shell 14 may be contoured, as is shown in FIG. 28-30. In oneembodiment, the contour shape may be such that the narrowest point ofthe contour is in the crotch area of the shell 14 nearest the vulvaregion, as is shown in FIG. 29. The contour shape shown in FIG. 28 isone of many possible shapes the shell 14 and absorbent article may beprepared. Other shapes may be used, without departing from the scope ofthe present invention. Generally, the shape selected should be such thatthe shell 14 and absorbent article 10 are comfortable for the user towear, while providing leakage protection to the user. It is noted that acontour shape may also be used in conjunction with a three-dimensionalshell. Further discussion of the overall shape of the absorbent articlemay be found below.

The shell may be any desired color or may be translucent. In addition,the shell may have a matt finish, satin finish or a smooth finish. Theparticular finish color or translucency can be a matter of choice forthe manufacturer of the absorbent article of the present invention.However, a translucent shell may assist the user in placing theabsorbent article 10 since the user may be able to see where the articleis compared to the genitalia of the user.

The absorbent structure 21 is designed to absorb body exudates,including menstrual fluid, blood, urine, and other bodily fluids, suchas sweat and vaginal discharges. The absorbent structure 21 has alongitudinal direction 1 and a lateral direction 2. This absorbentstructure 21 may be a single layer or may be multiple layers. Typically,the absorbent structure 21 has an absorbent core 22. This absorbent core22 may contain one or more layers of absorbent materials. That is theabsorbent core 22 may be a single layer of absorbent materials or may bea multilayer structure. Each of the layers can contain similar materialsor different materials. In the absorbent article 10 of the presentinvention, the materials which may be used to form the absorbent core 22include those materials conventionally used in absorbent articles andincludes materials, such as, for example, cellulose, wood pulp fluff,rayon, cotton, and meltblown polymers such as polyester, polypropyleneor coform. Coform is a meltblown air-formed combination of meltblownpolymers, such as polypropylene, and absorbent staple fibers, such ascellulose. A desired material is wood pulp fluff, for it is low in cost,relatively easy to form, and has good absorbency.

The absorbent core 22 can also be formed from a composite comprised of ahydrophilic material which may be formed from various natural orsynthetic fibers, wood pulp fibers, regenerated cellulose or cottonfibers, or a blend of pulp and other fibers. One particular example of amaterial which may be used as the absorbent core is an airlaid material.The absorbent core 22 may have other properties including extensibility,which will allow the absorbent core to be extended or fit to aparticular user. One example of extensible absorbent cores is describedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,611,790, issued Mar. 18, 1997, to Osborn, III et al.,herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the absorbent core 22 may also include asuperabsorbent material, in addition to or in place of the hydrophilicmaterial, which increases the ability of the absorbent core to absorb alarge amount of fluid in relation to its own weight. Generally stated,the superabsorbent material can be a water-swellable, generallywater-insoluble, hydrogel-forming polymeric absorbent material, which iscapable of absorbing at least about 15, suitably about 30, and possiblyabout 60 times or more its weight in physiological saline (e.g. salinewith 0.9 wt % NaCl). The superabsorbent materials can be inserted asparticles or in sheet form. The superabsorbent material may bebiodegradable or bipolar. The hydrogel-forming polymeric absorbentmaterial may be formed from organic hydrogel-forming polymeric material,which may include natural material such as agar, pectin, and guar gum;modified natural materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose; and synthetic hydrogel-formingpolymers. Synthetic hydrogel-forming polymers include, for example,alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamides, polyvinylalcohol, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl ethers,polyvinyl morpholinone, polymers and copolymers of vinyl sulfonic acid,polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl pyridine, and the like. Othersuitable hydrogel-forming polymers include hydrolyzed acrylonitrilegrafted starch, acrylic acid grafted starch, and isobutylene maleicanhydride copolymers and mixtures thereof. The hydrogel-forming polymersmay be lightly crosslinked to render the material substantially waterinsoluble. Crosslinking may, for example, be by irradiation or covalent,ionic, Van der Waals, or hydrogen bonding. Hydroxyfunctional polymershave been found to be good superabsorbents for sanitary napkins. Suchsuperabsorbents are commercially available from Evonik Industries, amongothers, and are a partially neutralized salt of cross-linked copolymerof polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol having an absorbency underload value above 25 grams of absorbed liquid per gram of absorbentmaterial (g/g). Other types of superabsorbent materials known to thoseskilled in the art can also be used.

Generally, the absorbent core 22 will be positioned adjacent the shell14, as is shown in FIGS. 24, 25 and 27. In addition, the absorbent core22 may be recessed into the shell 14 as is shown in FIG. 27.

In addition to the absorbent core 22, the absorbent structure 21 mayhave other additional layers which aid the absorbent core 22 incapturing and holding the bodily fluid into the absorbent core 22. Theseother layers, when present and in combination with the absorbent core22, form the absorbent structure 21 of the absorbent article 10. Theremay be a single layer or multiple layers in addition to the absorbentcore in the absorbent structure 21. Alternatively, the absorbentstructure 21 may have a single layer, which is generally the absorbentcore 22.

One particular example of an additional layer which may be used inaddition to the absorbent core 22 in the absorbent structure 21 is abody-side liner or top sheet 24, which is generally a liquid permeablematerial, which allows bodily fluids to pass through the top-sheet intothe absorbent core. It is noted that the terms “body-side liner” and“top sheet” may be used interchangeable. The body side liner 24 also mayprovide a user with a dry feeling by separating the absorbent core 22from the body of the user. That is, the body-side liner 24 is placedbetween the absorbent core 22 and the body of the user and such that theabsorbent core 22 is between the body side liner 24 and the shell 14.

In the present invention, generally the body side liner 24 will onlyextend to the edge 25 of the absorbent core, as is shown in FIG. 24.However, the body side liner 24 may extend beyond the edge 25 of theabsorbent core 22 and may be attached to the first side of the shell.Generally, if the body side liner 24 extends beyond the absorbent core22, the body side liner will be attached to the first side 15 of theshell 14. Also, if the body side liner 24 extends beyond the absorbentcore 22, the body side liner 24 will generally not cover the entirefirst area 11 of the first side 15 of the shell 14.

Optionally, the body side liner 24 may be formed from one or morematerials. The body-side liner or top sheet 24 should be able to managedifferent body excretions depending on the type of product. In femininecare products, often the body-side liner or top sheet 24 must be able tohandle menses and urine. In the present invention, the body-side lineror top sheet 24 may include a layer constructed of any operativematerial, and may be a composite material. For example, the body-sideliner or body-contacting layer can include a woven fabric, a nonwovenfabric, a polymer film, a film-nonwoven fabric laminate or the like, aswell as combinations thereof. Examples of a nonwoven fabric useable inthe body-side liner or top sheet 24 include, for example, an airlaidnonwoven web, a spunbond nonwoven web, a meltblown nonwoven web, abonded-carded web, a hydroentangled nonwoven web, a spunlace web or thelike, as well as combinations thereof. Other examples of suitablematerials for constructing the body-side liner or top sheet 24 caninclude rayon, bonded-carded webs of polyester, polypropylene,polyethylene, nylon, or other heat-bondable fibers, finely perforatedfilm webs, net-like materials, and the like, as well as combinationsthereof. These webs can be prepared from polymeric materials such as,for example, polyolefins, such as polypropylene and polyethylene andcopolymers thereof, polyesters in general including aliphatic esterssuch as polylactic acid, nylon or any other heat-bondable materials.When the body-side liner is a film or a film laminate, the film shouldbe apertured or otherwise be made to allow fluids to flow through thebody-side liner to the absorbent core.

Other examples of suitable materials for the body-side liner or topsheet 24 are composite materials of a polymer and a nonwoven fabricmaterial. The composite materials are typically in the form of integralsheets generally formed by the extrusion of a polymer onto a nonwovenweb, such as a spunbond material. In a particular arrangement, thebody-side liner or top sheet layer 24 can be configured to beoperatively liquid-permeable with regard to the liquids that the articleis intended to absorb or otherwise handle. The operativeliquid-permeability may, for example, be provided by a plurality ofpores, perforations, apertures or other openings, as well ascombinations thereof, which are present or formed in the liner or bodycontacting layer. The apertures or other openings can help increase therate at which bodily liquids can move through the thickness of the lineror body contacting layer and penetrate into the other components of thearticle (e.g. into the absorbent core 22). The selected arrangement ofliquid permeability is desirably present at least on an operativeportion of the body-side liner or top sheet 24 that is appointed forplacement on the body-side of the article. The body-side liner or topsheet 24 can provide comfort and conformability, and can function todirect bodily exudates away from the body and toward the absorbent core22. The body-side liner or top sheet 24 can be configured to retainlittle or no liquid in its structure, and can be configured to provide arelatively comfortable and non-irritating surface next to the bodytissues of a wearer. In the present invention, the top sheet orbody-facing surface of each absorbent article may be embossed, printedor otherwise imparted with a pattern.

Additional layers or substrates, including for example, the liquidacquisition and distribution layer, also referred to as a surge ortransfer layer, and an optional tissue layer are also incorporated intothe absorbent structure 21 of the absorbent product 10, for example,between the body-side liner or top sheet 24 and the absorbent core 22.The liquid acquisition and distribution layer may be shorter than theabsorbent core or have the same length as the absorbent core 22. Theliquid acquisition and distribution layer serves to temporarily hold aninsulting fluid to allow the absorbent core sufficient time to absorbthe fluid, especially when a superabsorbent material is present.

In another embodiment, the absorbent core, transfer layer and othercomponents, such as tissue layers, may be free floating (unattached)between the shell 14 and the top sheet 24, and only are secured alongonly the peripheral edges thereof. Alternatively, the absorbent core 22,transfer layer, if present, and any other layer or component, ifpresent, may be attached to one or both of the shell 14 and top sheet 24and/or to each other.

The absorbent structure 21, including the absorbent core, is generallyattached to the first side 15 of the shell 14 in the second area 12 ofthe shell. The attachment may be in a permanent manner, meaning that theabsorbent structure is generally intended not to be removable by theuser of the absorbent article 10. Alternatively, the absorbent structure21 may be made to be removable by the user, meaning that the absorbentstructure 21 may be removed and replaced with another absorbentstructure 21 by the user of the absorbent article 10. When the absorbentstructure 21 is attached to the shell 14 in a permanent manner, meaningthat the absorbent structure is not intended to be removed by the user,a construction adhesive may be used. Examples of useable constructionadhesives include any adhesive which will effectively hold the absorbentstructure 21 in place, so as not to be separated from the shell 14.Commercially available construction adhesives usable in the presentinvention include, for example include Rextac adhesives available fromHuntsman Polymers of Houston, Tex., as well as adhesives available fromBostik Findley, Inc, of Wauwatosa, Wis. Other means may be used to holdthe absorbent structure 21 to the shell including other bonding means,including heat bonding and ultrasonic bonding. When the absorbentstructure 21 is removably attached, the absorbent structure 21 is heldin place on the shell 14 by a means which will allow the user to removethe absorbent structure. One such means of holding the absorbentstructure is by using a pressure sensitive adhesive. Suitable pressuresensitive adhesives include any commercially available pressuresensitive adhesive. Examples of suitable pressure sensitive adhesivesusable to removably hold the absorbent structure 21 in place on theshell 14 include pressure sensitive adhesives available from HenkelInternational. By providing an absorbent structure which is removable,the shell may be reused several times without the need to again placethe shell when the absorbent needs to be replaced. Also by having aremovable absorbent structure, the absorbent structure can be selectedby the user prior to use. This would allow the user to select anappropriate level of protection for a given day or allow the user toselect a size or shape of the absorbent which the user finds to be morecomfortable.

As is stated above, the absorbent structure 21 is located in the secondarea 12 of the shell 14 and on the first side 15 of the shell member.This size and shape of the absorbent structure may be varied dependingof the intended use of the absorbent article and will be discussed inmore detail below.

The absorbent structure 21 may have a relatively flat structure, asshown in FIGS. 24-27. Alternatively, the absorbent structure may have athree-dimensional shape other than a relatively flat shape. Theabsorbent structure may have an anatomically correct shape such that theabsorbent structure fits within the labia of the user. Anatomicallycorrect shapes of absorbent are generally know to those skilled in theart and are generally found in the interlabial art field. The absorbentstructure may be designed to be partially or fully interlabial.Alternatively, a three-dimensional shaped absorbent structure may alsobe used in the absorbent article 10 which is designed not to fit withinthe labia majora of the user. That is, the absorbent structure 21 ispositioned completely outside the labia during use. The size, locationand shape of the absorbent structure 21 may also be selected for anintended use. For example, in an overnight use, the absorbent may belocated further back on the user towards the perinea region of the user.In an overnight use, the absorbent structure may be larger than in aproduct intended for daytime use. In a daytime use, the absorbentstructure will generally be centrally located of the vulva region.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the absorbentstructure 21 is contained within the shell material. That is, theabsorbent structure 21 is an integral part of the shell 14 and aseparate absorbent structure is not present. One way to achieve anintegral absorbent structure is to have a shell which is prepared from amaterial which is a laminate of two or more materials. The first side 15of the shell 14 contains an absorbent material within the body facingside of the laminate. For example, superabsorbent particles or materialsmay be incorporated into the material making up the body facing layer ofthe laminate. Another way is to place a very light coating onto thefirst side 12 of the shell material, wherein the coating containssuperabsorbent particles or materials. Of course other absorbentmaterials, other than superabsorbent materials may be used in place ofor in addition to the superabsorbent materials.

The absorbent structure 21 may be located entirely over the shell 14, asis shown in FIGS. 22-27, meaning at the shell 14 material is locatedbeneath the absorbent structure 14. Alternatively, the absorbentstructure 21 may be positioned over the shell 14, such that only aportion of the absorbent structure 21 is over the shell 14. Thisconfiguration is shown in FIGS. 31-33. FIG. 31 is a bottom view and FIG.32 is a top view of an absorbent article 10 within the presentinvention. As can be seen only a portion of the absorbent structure 21is positioned over the shell 14. FIG. 33 shows a cross-sectional view ofthe absorbent article 10 taken along line 33-33 in FIG. 32. As with theother embodiments of the present invention, the portion of the firstside 15 of the shell 14 in which the absorbent structure is attached isthe second area 12 of the shell 14. Surrounding the second area 12 isthe first area 11 of the shell 14. The second side 17 of the shell 14 isthe side of the absorbent article which faces the user during use. Byhaving an absorbent article with the structure shown in FIG. 33, it isalso beneficial for the absorbent structure to have an additional layer23. This additional layer will serve to provide liquid impermeability tothe absorbent structure, such that any fluids entering the absorbentcore will not flow through the core to clothing of a user.

This additional layer 23 may be prepared from a variety of materials andis generally, this additional layer constructed of any material whichwill function to be operatively liquid impermeable. The additionallayer, may be a polymeric film, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric or thelike, as well as combinations or composites thereof. For example, theshell 14 may include a polymer film laminated to a woven or nonwovenfabric. In a particular feature, the polymer film can be composed ofpolyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, silicone or the like, as well ascombinations thereof. Additionally, the polymer film may bemicro-embossed, have a printed design, have a printed message to theconsumer, and/or may be at least partially colored. Suitably, theadditional layer can operatively permit a sufficient passage of air andmoisture vapor out of the absorbent article 10, particularly out of anabsorbent structure 21 while blocking the passage of bodily fluids andodors often associated with bodily fluids. Examples of suitablematerials for the additional layer 23 include a breathable, microporousfilm, such as those described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,045,900to Haffner et al., the entire disclosure of which is incorporated hereinby reference and made a part hereof.

As is stated above, the first area 11 of the shell 14 serves eitherdirectly or indirectly attaches to the body of a user. Stated anotherway, the shell is the body attachment member and the first area 11 isthe portion of the shell 14 which is attached to the body of the user.Depending on the material selected for the shell, the shell may activelyattach to the body of the user using electrostatic means; suction meansor a body adhesive may be placed on the first area 11 of the shell 14 toattach the absorbent article to the body of a user. Electrostatic meanswhich can be used is by selecting the shell material to be a materialwhich has an affinity for the body of a user, such that the shellmaterial “clings” to the body of the user. Examples of such materialsinclude ethylene vinyl acetate, low density polyethylene and othersimilar materials know to those skilled in the art. Suction means may beachieved by shaping the shell to conform to the body of the user, muchlike a contact lens fits to the eye. Generally, suction means can beachieved by forming the shell 14 into a three-dimensional shape. Theeasiest way to achieve body attachment is to place a body adhesive inthe first area 11 of the shell 14.

The body adhesive 44 is positioned on the first area 11 of the firstside 15 of the shell 14. The body adhesive 44 contacts the skin andhair, if present, in the vulva region and possibly the pubic regionand/or the perinea region of the wearer's body, thereby supporting andholding the absorbent article 10 against the body of the wearer duringuse. The body adhesive 44 can overlie a portion of the first area 11 orcan overlie the entire first area 11 of the shell 14. Generally, thebody adhesive 44 will be present on a least the outer portion or nearthe circumference 11C of the first area near the edge 20 of theabsorbent article. As is shown in FIGS. 22-25, 27, 30, 32 and 33, theadhesive may cover the entire first area 11 of the absorbent article.Alternatively, the body adhesive 44 may be placed on a portion of thefirst area 11, as is shown in FIGS. 28 and 29. The body adhesive 44 mayalso be placed in a pattern of the first area 11. The body adhesive 44can be applied to the first area 11 of the shell 14 of using any knownprocess including, inkjet printing, screen printing or extruding thebody adhesive 44 from one or more nozzles, slot coating and the like.

Generally, any pressure sensitive adhesive known to those skilled in theart may be used, provided that the pressure sensitive adhesive is not aknown irritant to human skin or that the adhesive is so aggressive thatit causes pain to the user when the absorbent article is removed fromthe skin. It is also desirable that the adhesive is selected such thatthe adhesive does not leave a substantial amount of an adhesive residueon the surface of the skin of the user, when the absorbent article 10 isremoved by the user after use. Particularly suitable pressure sensitiveadhesive materials are disclosed in the commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No.6,213,993 to Zacharias et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,620,143 to Zacharias etal., the entire disclosure of each is incorporated herein by referenceand made a part hereof. Other suitable adhesives are disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 5,618,281 to Batrabet et al., the entire disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof. Other knownbody adhesives, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,316,524 toCorzani et al. which is hereby incorporated in its entirety, may also beused. Other examples of pressure sensitive adhesives include, Hydrogels,Hydrocolloids, Acrylics based adhesives, rubber based adhesives, such asKraton based adhesives.

The body adhesive 44 may be positioned on the first area 11 of the shell14 in an open pattern or a closed pattern. By “open pattern” is meantthat the adhesive can have an intermittent or discontinuous patternwhich does not substantially encircle the entire first area 11. Forexample, there are breaks in the body adhesive at certain portions ofthe first area 11. An open pattern of adhesive is shown in FIG. 28.“Closed pattern” means the adhesive 44 would encircle the entire secondarea 12 of the shell. Preferably, the pattern of the body adhesive 44will substantially surround the absorbent structure located in or on thesecond area 12 of the shell 14. As shown in FIGS. 22, 23, 24, 25, 27,30, 32 and 33, the body adhesive 44 is applied in a closed pattern,since the entire body adhesive is applied in a continuous fashion aroundthe first area. An “open” pattern of the adhesive is shown in FIG. 34,which shows the adhesive applied in a discontinuous fashion.Additionally, the adhesive may be applied in portions of the first area11, as is shown in FIGS. 28 and 29. In the present invention, the closedpattern can be advantageous since the body adhesive 44 may form a sealwith the body of the user which will assist in preventing leaks from theabsorbent article 10. The body adhesive may form a dam, which mayprevent leaks from the entire perimeter of the absorbent article.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as is shown in FIGS. 22-25,27, 30, 32 and 33, the body adhesive 44 may be placed on the entirefirst area 11, just outside of the absorbent structure 21. In anotheralternative embodiment of the present invention, as is shown in FIG. 28,the body adhesive 44 may be placed along the outer portions of the firstarea 11 near the periphery of the shell 14. The body adhesive 44 mayalso be placed on the absorbent structure 21. Generally, however, thebody adhesive 44 is confined to being placed on the first area 11 of theshell 14, since placing the body adhesive on an area of the absorbentproduct 10 which contacts the female genitalia such as the labia majoramay cause discomfort to the wearer of the absorbent product.

The adhesive may be applied in a pattern of small discrete dots so as toleave numerous areas free from adhesive. Alternatively, the adhesive maybe applied as a continuous bead, or may be applied as a series ofsemi-continuous beads. Other suitable adhesive patterns may be selectedfor applying the body adhesive 44 to the body-contacting first area 11of the absorbent article 10. For example, adhesive patterns can be oval,swirls, various linear or non-linear arrays of adhesive longitudinally,and/or transversely oriented and reticulated webs having unobstructedinterstices between the adhesive fibers or combinations thereof. Asstated above, the adhesive patterns may be open or closed. The weightsof adhesives are limited to less than about 800 g/m2, and generally lessthan about 400 g/m2. Generally, the weight of the adhesive is at least20 g/m2. Typically, the adhesive is applied in an amount of about 100 toabout 400 g/m2. The limitations on the basis weight of the adhesive areimportant to provide the correct adhesive characteristics for applyingdirectly to the wearer's vulva region and optionally the pubic andperinea regions of the wearer's body. If the basis weight is too high,the absorbent article will have a sticky feeling or otherwiseuncomfortable feeling. If the basis weight of the adhesive is too low,there may be insufficient adhesion to the body of the user.

Generally, the body adhesive 44 is applied in a manner which issymmetrical about the longitudinal axis 1 which bisects the absorbentarticle 10 and divides the absorbent article 10 into substantially equalportions. This symmetrical pattern provides the wearer a balanced feelwhen wearing the absorbent article 10. The symmetrical pattern alsoreduces the perception of any associated discomfort when the absorbentarticle 10 is removed from the body.

As is shown in FIGS. 35 and 36, to protect the body adhesive 44, a peelsheet or release sheet 46 may be used to prevent the body adhesive 44from becoming contaminated, thus loosing its ability to stick to thebody of an user and/or prematurely adhering to an unintended surface.Suitable materials for use as a peel strip 46 are well known in the artand are commercially available. Examples of suitable peel sheets orrelease sheets include, a silicone coated Kraft paper, a silicone coatedfilm or the like. Other release coating includes coating containingpolytetrafluoroethylene. The peel sheet or release sheet 46 may extendbeyond one or both of the ends and/or sides of the shell, as shown inFIG. 36. Alternatively, the release sheet 46 may be sized to only coverthe body adhesive on the first area 11 of the shell 14, as is shown inFIG. 35. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, releasesheet may extend beyond the adhesive at one or more locations, such asone of the ends or one of the sides of the shell as is shown in FIG. 37by providing the release sheet 46 with a tab 47 for the user to grasp toremove the release sheet 46 from the absorbent article 10 and the bodyadhesive 44 on the absorbent article. When the release sheet 46 extendsbeyond the adhesive, it is generally easier for the user to remove therelease sheet 46 to place the absorbent article 10 for use.

Alternatively, the release sheet 46 may be provided with a pressuresensitive adhesive to hold the release sheet 46 in place when theabsorbent article is devoid of an adhesive for body attachment. In thisconfiguration, the release sheet serves to protect the absorbentstructure and first side of the shell from dirt and damage prior to use.

In another alternative, a release sheet may not be necessary. Forexample, the absorbent article may be rolled, folded onto itself orstacked upon each other. In these configurations, a release sheet is notneeded. If rolled, the body adhesive 44 will generally contact thesecond side 17 of the shell 14. The body adhesive 44 should releasablystick to one second side of the shell by readily releasing when unrolledby the user or wearer. In addition, the body adhesive 44 should notleave a residue on the second side 17 of the shell. This shouldsimilarly occur when the absorbent articles 10 are stacked upon eachother such that the body adhesive 44 of one article will attach thesecond side of the shell of a second article. In another possibleconfiguration, the absorbent article may 10 be folded along thelongitudinal axis 1 of the lateral axis such that the body adhesive 44in one area comes into contact with body adhesive in another area. Inthe folded configuration, the body adhesive should be selected such thatthe body adhesive will release from itself when manipulated by a user.

The dimensions and shape of the shell 14 should be such that it isappropriately sized for its intended use. The same is true for the sizeand shape of the absorbent structure. Generally, the size and shape ofthe absorbent structure 21 will dictate the size of the shell 14. Theshape of the shell 14 is selected so that the absorbent article willhave a comfortable feeling for the user, which providing protectionagainst leaks and preventing the absorbent article from becomingdislodged from the body of the user during user. Generally, the shellwill be curved to fit the body of a user. The shell 14 also generallygives the absorbent article 10 its overall size and shape in thelongitudinal 1 and lateral 2 directions.

When the absorbent article is intended for use as a pantiliner, asanitary napkin or a feminine incontinence article, the shell 14 shouldbe wider and longer than the absorbent structure 21 attached to thesecond area 12 of the shell 14. The absorbent structure should be atleast as wide and as long as the labia majora of the user. As a result,to fit most women, the absorbent structure is longer in the longitudinaldirection than it is wide in the lateral direction of the absorbentstructure. Generally, for most women, the labia majora are generallybetween about 40 mm and about 70 mm in width and between about 80 mm and150 mm in length. Ideally, the absorbent structure should be wider thanthe labia majora and slightly longer than the labia minora and slightlylonger than or equal to the labia majora. Generally, the absorbentshould be between about 40 mm and 90 mm in width in the lateraldirection and between about 95 mm and about 150 mm in length thelongitudinal direction. The shape of the absorbent structure 21 willgenerally tend to be oblong and may be an oval, a rectangle, tear dropshaped, hourglass shaped or racetrack shaped. As can be seen in FIGS.22, 28, 30, 32, 34 and 38, the absorbent structure 21 has a generallyelliptical or oval shape to match the size and shape of the vaginal areaof most women. An example of a teardrop shaped absorbent is shown inFIG. 22.

Generally, the shape of the shell 14 may vary from a generally ovalshape, as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 to a shape which is a generallyhourglass-like shape, shown in FIG. 29. By generally hourglass shape, itis meant a shape in which the sides 19 of the shell 14 converge towardsone another at a point away along the longitudinal axis 1 of the shell14 to form a narrowest portion 33 of the absorbent article. Generally,the hourglass-like shape provides a cut-out for the user's legs. Byhaving an hourglass-like shape, the shell 14 will not be attached to thelegs of a user during use. This will provide more comfort for the userof the absorbent article 10. The shape of the shell 14 should beselected such that the absorbent article 10 will be comfortable to wear,while providing very effective leakage protection to the user. The shell14 and the absorbent structure 21 should be able to adapt to thecurvature of a user's body during use. Other possible shapes for theshell 14 are also shown in FIGS. 28, 29, 30, and 31. Other shapes notspecifically shown may also be used, provided that the shape willprovide comfort to the user of the absorbent article.

To obtain an effective attachment of the absorbent article to the user,when the absorbent article is used as a sanitary napkin or anincontinence article, generally the width of the shell should be atleast 10 mm on either side of the labia majora. Generally, the shell 14of the absorbent article 10 will have a width, in the lateral direction2, between about 50 mm up to 200 mm or more. Typically, the shell willbe between about 60 and 120 mm at its narrowest point. This will allowthe shell 14 to have a first area 11 that can be effectively attached tothe skin of a user on either side of the labia majora.

In addition, the absorbent article 10 may also be configured to have ananterior region 64, a central region 65 and a posterior region 66, as isshown in FIG. 38. A particular embodiment is shown in FIG. 34 of anabsorbent article having a configuration designed to fit specific areasof the vulva region of a user. By providing specific portions forattachment to specific areas of the body of the user, the absorbentarticle may be configured to better fit the body of the user. Theanterior region 64 of the absorbent article will be the portion of theabsorbent article between the absorbent structure 21 and the first end61 of the absorbent article 10. The posterior region 66 of the absorbentarticle 10 will be the portion of the absorbent article between theabsorbent structure 21 and the second end 62 of the absorbent article10. Generally, the posterior region 66 will be designed to be placedbetween the vagina area and the anal area of the user. The anteriorregion 64 is designed to be placed on the mons Veneris region of afemale user. The central region 65 of the absorbent article 10 isdesigned to cover the vagina area of the user and the skin area surroundthe lateral sides of the labia majora, when the absorbent article isused as a pantiliner, sanitary napkin or an incontinence article. In analternative use, the absorbent article of the present invention may alsobe used as an underwear replacement, or a guard for a swimming suit.

To obtain an effective attachment to the body of the user, the shell 14can be configured to be anatomically correct for a user. As is shown inFIGS. 38 and 39, the shape of the absorbent article 10 is such that itwill correctly and securely fit in the vulva region of a user. Thegeneral shape of the absorbent article shown in FIG. 39 has been foundto effectively attach to the vulva region of female users of theabsorbent article. Additional features may be included to ensure ananatomically correct shape. For example, in the posterior region of theabsorbent article 10, more particularly, the posterior region of theshell on the first side 15, the shell 14 may be imparted with athree-dimensional protrusion 67, as shown in FIGS. 38 and 39. Theprotrusion 67 acts to fit comfortably in the perinea region of the user.The protrusion 67 may be formed from the shell material of may be formedfrom the body adhesive 44. By providing the three-dimensional protrusion67, the absorbent article can effectively fit to the typical body shapeof the female user, thereby preventing leaks form the posterior regionof the absorbent article. The protrusion 67 may also serve as a guide tothe user in placement of the absorbent article 10 on the body prior touse.

The absorbent article of the present invention may have other featureswhich aid the user to place and remove the absorbent article from thebody. As is shown in FIGS. 40 and 41, the second side 12 of the shell 14may be provided with positioning aids, such as a finger pocket 99, orfinger grooves in the shell material. The finger pocket 99 has anopening 98 toward the anterior region 64 or first end 61 of theabsorbent article 10. The pocket 99 gives the user a location to placeher fingers during placement of the absorbent article 10 onto the user'sbody. The pocket 99 may be an opening wide enough for the user to placeat least two fingers in the pocket. Alternatively, there may be two ormore openings which allows the user to place only one finger in eachopening. Other similar positioning aids may be used to help guide a userto properly place the absorbent article for use. For example, groovesmay be placed in the second side 12 of the shell 14 opposite theabsorbent structure. This may allow the user to feel the location of theabsorbent structure relative to the vulva region during application ofthe absorbent article 10 to the vulva region of the body. The pocket 99may also assist the user in removing the absorbent article from theirbody.

The absorbent article 10 may also be provided with a removal aid whichprovides the user with an easy way to grasp and remove the absorbentarticle applied to the body. One particular removal aid is shown in FIG.41 including a tab 92 located on the first end 61 of the shell which isnot adhered to the body or is devoid of adhesive. Alternatively, otherremoval aids, such as having an area of the first end 61 being devoid ofthe body attaching adhesive 44. Other types of removal aid which may bepresent include loops, and pull strings. The removal aid allows the userto effectively begin the process of gentling removing the absorbentarticle from the body of the user, without the need of having to find aportion of the shell which may not be completely attached.

Other features or additives may be incorporated into the absorbentarticle of the present invention. For example, the absorbent article maycontain an odor control agent, or a fragrance, skin wellness agents andother similar additives currently used in currently available absorbentarticles. Any odor control agent or, fragrance known to those skilled inthe art may be used in the absorbent article of the present invention.The odor control agent or fragrance may be added in various componentsof the absorbent article, including the shell 14, the absorbentstructure 21 of the body adhesive 44. Skin wellness additives may beadded onto the absorbent structure, any portion of the first area 15 ofthe shell not attached to the user or in the body adhesive 44.

Generally, to apply the absorbent article 10 to the body of a user, therelease sheet 46, protecting the absorbent structure and adhesive, ifpresent, is removed from first surface of the shell. Next, the userpositions the absorbent structure of the portion of the body in whichabsorbency is needed. If positioning pockets or other positioning aidsare present on the absorbent structure, the user may optionally usethese positioning aids to properly place the absorbent article for use.In the case of sanitary napkins and incontinence absorbent articles forfemales, the absorbent is positioned over the vagina area such that theabsorbent structure will absorb body fluids. The user then checks toensure that the first area 11 of the shell or the adhesive 44, ifpresent, is contacting the skin around the vagina area.

If the absorbent article is intended to have a front and a back portion,the user first identifies the anterior region 64 and/or the posteriorregion 66 of the absorbent article. To aid in identification of theanterior and posterior regions, indicia located on the release sheet,shell or absorbent to indicate the anterior region and/or posteriorregion of the absorbent article may be present. Indicia can be simplylettering or a picture to indicate the front or back of the absorbentarticle. Once anterior region and posterior region are identified by theuser, the user places the absorbent article in the same manner describedabove.

In each case, the absorbent structure, which is designed to cover thelabia majora of the user, may be positioned with the aid of theabsorbent structure. More specifically, the absorbent structure, whensized and shaped to the approximate size of the labia majora, can serveto guide the placement of the absorbent structure over the labia majora.Once properly placed, pressure is applied by the user to the secondsurface of the shell which will allow the first surface of the shell tocontact the skin of the user, or to allow any adhesive applied to thefirst surface to be applied to the skin of the user.

By having the absorbent article 10 attached to the body of a user, theabsorbent article 10 will tend to move with the skin of the user. Thisresults in a comfortable to wear absorbent article which will be lesslikely to leak than conventional absorbent articles. The absorbentarticle has a very close to the body fit which may provide improveddiscretion for the user.

Other benefits of the absorbent article 10 of the present invention mayalso be provided. For example, when the first side of the shell has anadhesive applied thereto, upon removal of the absorbent article afteruser, the user may fold the first side of the shell onto itself todispose of the used absorbent article. An effective seal may be formedaround the perimeter of the shell, thereby effectively encapsulating theabsorbent structure within a closure. As a result, any odors associatedwith the absorbed fluids will be contained within the shell material.

In yet another embodiment, a body adhesive absorbent article 300, whichis illustrated in FIG. 42, comprises a shell 314 and an absorbentstructure 321. The absorbent structure 321 is configured for dispositionadjacent a female wearer's vaginal region to absorb bodily fluidsdischarged by the wearer. The shell 314 has a first region 301, a pairof lateral side regions 302, 302′ extending from the first region, andan opening 305 extending longitudinally at least in part between theside regions. The shell 314 also has a first side 315, which defines abody-facing surface, and a second side, which defines a garment-facingsurface (not shown for this embodiment but is substantially the same asthe second side 217 of the body adhesive absorbent article 200illustrated in FIG. 17).

In the illustrated embodiment, the first side 315 of the shell 314 has abody adhesive, indicated generally at 344, on at least a portion thereoffor adhering the absorbent article 300 directly to the wearer's skin,and particularly, to a female wearer's skin surrounding her vulva regionfor the illustrated absorbent article. The body adhesive 344 contactsthe skin and hair, if present, in the vulva region and possibly thepubic region and/or the perinea region of the wearer's body, therebysupporting and holding the shell 314 and absorbent structure 321 againstthe body of the wearer during use. A peel sheet or release sheet (notshown with respect to this embodiment) may be used to prevent the bodyadhesive 344 from becoming contaminated, thus losing its ability tostick to the body of the wearer and/or prematurely adhering to anunintended surface.

The size and shape of the shell 314 is selected so that the absorbentarticle 300 will have a comfortable feeling for the wearer and inhibitthe absorbent article against becoming detached from the body of thewearer during use thereby providing protection against leaks. Theabsorbent article 300 (and hence the shell 314) can be suitably dividedinto three general longitudinal regions: an anterior region 364, aposterior region 366, and a central region 365 extending longitudinallybetween and interconnecting the anterior and posterior regions. Each ofthese regions 364, 365, 366 is sized and shaped for alignment withdifferent body regions of a wearer of the absorbent article. Morespecifically, the anterior region 364 of the article 300 is adapted tobe disposed adjacent the wearer's lower abdomen region. The centralregion 365 is adapted to be disposed between the upper thigh region ofthe wearer to cover the wearer's perineum region and vaginal region. Theposterior region 366 of the article 300 is adapted to be disposed in thegluteal region of the wearer. In the illustrated embodiment, theanterior region 364, the central region 365, and the posterior region366 of the absorbent article 300 are of roughly equal length, with eachregion corresponding generally to about ⅓ of a total length of theabsorbent article 300. It is contemplated that two or all three of thearticle regions 364, 365, 366 may instead be of unequal lengthsdepending on the desired fit and the intended body placement of thearticle without departing from the scope of this invention.

The absorbent structure 321 is suitably adhered to the first side (i.e.,body-facing surface) 315 of the shell 314 and is sized and locatedrelative to the shell such that the shell extends both longitudinallyand/or transversely outward beyond the periphery of the absorbentstructure in at least the anterior region 364 and the central region365, and more suitably in at least a portion of the posterior region 366as well. The absorbent structure 321 is offset longitudinally, i.e., notcentered lengthwise on the transverse or lateral axis of the absorbentarticle, such that the shell 314 extends longitudinally outward beyondthe absorbent structure a greater distance in the anterior region 364 ofthe article 300 than in the posterior region. It is understood, though,that the absorbent structure 321 may be longitudinally centered so thatthe shell 314 extends equally longitudinally outward beyond theabsorbent structure, or may be offset longitudinally toward the anteriorregion 364 so that the outward longitudinal extension of the shellbeyond the absorbent structure is greater in the posterior region 365than in the anterior region without departing from the scope of thisinvention.

A first end 361 of the absorbent article 300, and more particularly alongitudinal edge of the anterior region 364 defining this first end ofthe absorbent article 300, is suitably contoured along the width of theshell at this first end to accommodate the lower abdomen region of thewearer. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the longitudinalextent (e.g., length) of the shell 314 relative to the transverse axisof the article is non-uniform across the width of the shell at the firstend 361 of the article, and more suitably increases as the shell extendstransversely outward from the longitudinal axis of the article totransversely, or laterally opposite sides 319 of the article and moreparticularly laterally opposite side edges of the shell. Accordingly, agreatest longitudinal extent of the shell 314 is generally adjacent theintersection of the longitudinal end 361 with the respective sides 319of the article (i.e., the shell in the embodiment of FIG. 42). Moresuitably, the longitudinal edge of the shell 314 (i.e., at first end 361of article 300 in the illustrated embodiment) is generally arcuate as itextends across the width of the shell at its longitudinal edge. Thecontoured longitudinal edge of the shell 314 (i.e., first end 361 of thearticle 300 in the illustrated embodiment) thus broadly defines a recessin the anterior region 364 of the article (and thus of the shell in thisinstance). It is understood, however, that the contour of thelongitudinal edge of the shell 314 in the anterior region 364 of thearticle may be V-shaped, U-shaped or other suitable shape withoutdeparting from the scope of this invention.

The sides 319 of the illustrated article 300 are suitable defined bytransversely opposite side edges 319 of the shell 314. These side edges319 of the shell 314 are contoured so that the overall width of thearticle 300 (i.e., the distance between the transversely opposite sides319 thereof), and more particularly the width of the shell in theillustrated embodiment, is non-uniform along the length of the articleto define leg cutouts for accommodating the thighs of the wearer. In onesuitable embodiment, the width of the article 300 and hence the shell314 increases from a narrowest width in the central region 365 of thearticle toward each of the longitudinally opposite ends (361 and 304,304′) of the article. Still more suitably, the width of the article 300and more suitably the shell 314 is also greater in the anterior region364 of the article than in the posterior region 366. In the illustratedembodiment, for example, a greatest width of the article 300 is definedby the transverse side edges 319 of the shell 314 adjacent thelongitudinal edge of the shell (e.g., first end 361 of the article 300)in the anterior region 364 of the article.

In the article 300 illustrated in FIG. 42, the sides 319 of the article300 and more particularly the transverse side edges of the shell 314 aregenerally arcuate along substantially the entire length of the article.Alternatively, the sides 319 may be arcuate along only a portion of thelength of the article 300. It is also understood that the sides 319defining the leg cutouts may be V-shaped, U-shaped or other suitableshapes, or they may be uniform (e.g., straight or longitudinal) alongsubstantially the entire length of the article 300. It is alsounderstood that the sides 319 of the article may be contoured to definearticle 300 widths other than those set forth above without departingfrom the scope of this invention. It is further understood that thegreatest width of the article 300 may be other than in the anteriorregion 364, and/or the narrowest width may be other than in the centralregion 365 of the article and remain within the scope of this invention.

Still referring to FIG. 42, the anterior region 364 of the absorbentarticle 300 comprises the first region 301 of the shell 314 and aportion of the absorbent structure 321. Since much of the first side(i.e., body-facing surface) 315 of the shell 314 is exposed (i.e., notcovered by the absorbent structure 321) in the anterior region 364 ofthe absorbent article 300, a relatively large surface area of the firstside of the shell is available for receiving adhesive 344 thereto foradhering the shell, and hence the absorbent article, to the wearer.

The contoured longitudinal edge of the shell 314 (e.g., first end 361 ofthe article 300) at the anterior region 364, together with the contouredtransverse side edges of the shell (e.g., article sides 319) where theseside edges generally intersect the longitudinal edge of the shell,define a pair of transversely spaced tabs 320 in the anterior region.Each of the tabs 320 suitably has body adhesive 344 on the body-facingsurface (e.g., first side 315) for adhering the tabs directly to thewearer and more suitably to the abdomen region of the wearer. In oneparticularly suitable embodiment, the tabs 320 are sized to extend to aregion of the wearer that has little or no pubic hair to facilitatebetter adherence to the wearer's skin.

With reference still to FIG. 42, the posterior region 366 of theabsorbent article 300 includes the opening 305 in the shell 314 withportions of the lateral side regions 302, 302′ broadly defining a pairof transversely spaced tabs disposed on opposite sides of the opening.The posterior region 366 disposition of these tabs is such that the tabsare aligned generally with the buttocks of the wearer rearward of theperineal region. In the illustrated embodiment, the opening 305 is inthe form of a generally V-shaped ingress extending longitudinally on thelongitudinal axis of the article 300 such that the tabs are free to flexrelative to the central region 365 of the article and generallyindependent of each other to accommodate normal movement of the wearer'sthighs and buttocks. It is understood that the ingress 305 can be largeror smaller without departing from some aspects of this invention.

The absorbent structure 321 is secured to the first side (i.e.,body-facing surface) 315 of the shell 314, such that at least a portionof the absorbent structure covers the opening or ingress 305 in theshell. The absorbent structure 321 may be attached to the shell 314 in apermanent manner, meaning that the absorbent structure is generallyintended not to be removable by the wearer of the absorbent article 300.Alternatively, it may be removably and in some embodiments refastenably)attached to the shell 314, such that the absorbent structure 321 may beremoved (and in some embodiments reattached) by a wearer.

The shell 314 and absorbent structure 321 are sized relative to eachother such that a portion of the shell extends outward beyond theperipheral edge of the absorbent structure along at least a portion ofthe peripheral edge of the absorbent structure. In this manner, aportion of the shell 314 about the periphery of the absorbent structure321 is uncovered with the first side (i.e., body-facing surface) 315 ofthe shell exposed and available for adhesion to the wearer. For example,the shell 314 in one suitable embodiment extends outward beyond theperipheral edge of the absorbent structure 300 at least in the anteriorregion 364 and central region 365, and more suitably also in a portionof the posterior region 366.

The distance that the shell 314 extends outward beyond the peripheraledge of the absorbent structure 321 is suitably non-uniform about theperiphery of the absorbent structure. More particularly, the shell 314extends transversely outward beyond each of the side edges of theabsorbent structure 321 a greater distance in the anterior region 364than in the central region 365. It is understood, however, that shell314 may extend a uniform distance outward of the absorbent structure321, or may extend outward according to a different pattern thanillustrated in FIG. 42, and remain within the scope of this invention.

In one suitable embodiment, as seen in FIG. 42, the body adhesive 344covering the exposed portions of the first side 315 of the illustratedshell 314 (i.e., the portions of the shell not covered by the absorbentstructure 321) has a non-uniform pattern. That is, the non-uniformpattern of body adhesive 344 can be formed with areas of greater andlesser densities of adhesive. The areas of the shell having a greaterdensity of body adhesive 344 will adhere to the body with a greateradhesive strength than the areas with lower density. As a result, thenon-uniform pattern can be configured to vary the adhesive strength(i.e., the ability of the adhesive to bond to the wearer's body), thebreathability of the shell, and/or the stretchability of the shell.

The non-uniform pattern of adhesive 344 in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 42 is selected so that the adhesive strength is greater at the tabs320 of the anterior region 364 than in the portion of the anteriorregion between the tabs. In other words, the density of adhesive 344 isgreater at the tabs 320 than at other portions of the anterior region364 of the shell 314. The tabs 320 are suitable designed to extendbeyond areas of the wearer's body typically covered by pubic hairwhereas the portion of the anterior region 364 of the shell 314 betweenthe tabs overlies an area of the wearer's body potentially covered bypubic hair. Thus, the adhesive strength is greater in areas with moreskin surface available (i.e., no or lesser amounts of pubic hair) foradhering the article 300 to the wearer's body while reducing theadhesive strength in areas potentially covered by pubic hair or greateramounts of pubic hair to facilitate more comfortable removal of thearticle from the wearer.

In the illustrated embodiment, the density of adhesive and thereby theadhesive strength in the central region 365 of the shell 314 is greateradjacent the absorbent structure 321 and reduced adjacent the lateralsides 319 of the shell. This allows the shell 314 adjacent the lateralsides 319 thereof to stretch during use a greater distance than theportions of the shell adjacent the absorbent structure 321. In use, theshell 314 (if manufactured from a stretchable material) will be able tostretch between locations at which the shell is adhered to the wearer'sbody. Increasing the adhesive density adjacent the absorbent structure321 in the central region 365 ensures that the absorbent structureremains in close proximately to the wearer's body during use and therebyreduces the potential for leaks. In the posterior region 366 of theshell 314, the illustrated embodiment has an area of increased adhesivedensity and thereby adhesive strength and is surrounded by an area ofdecreased adhesive density. As a result, the adhesive strength isdecreased adjacent the absorbent structure 322 and the longitudinallyends 304, 304′ of the shell.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 42, the first side 315 of theshell 314 has a reduced density of adhesive 344 adjacent its peripheraledge thereby reducing the adhesive strength adjacent the perimeter ofthe article 300. This facilitates removal of the article 300 during useby allowing the wearer to more easily start the removal process. Whenwearer wants to peel the article 300 from her body, the wearer canmanually grasp the peripheral edge of the shell 314 and a portion of thearticle 300 away from her body. The reduced adhesive density allows theportion of the article 300 to easily pull away from the wearer's body.This uplifted portion of the article 300 can be securely grasped by thewearer and used to peel the remaining, more adhered portions of thearticle from the wearer's body.

In one suitable embodiment, the shell 314 is formed from a material thatis breathable, flexible, and/or stretchable. In this embodiment, thenon-uniform pattern of adhesive can be used to vary the breathabilityand/or stretchability of the shell, which may be directly effected bythe density of the adhesive. In one embodiment, the areas of the shellhaving lower adhesive densities are more breathable, flexible, and/orstretchable than areas having greater adhesive densities. The inversemay also be true, the areas of the shell having greater adhesivedensities may be less breathable, flexible, and/or stretchable thanareas having less adhesive densities. Thus, the non-uniform pattern canbe used to selectively configure the breathability, flexibility, and/orstretchability of the shell.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 42, the non-uniform pattern ofadhesive 344 comprises discrete circular dots that vary in size andspacing. In the illustrated embodiment, the discrete dots include small,medium, and large sized dots. As a result of the body adhesive 344 beingin discrete dots, a continuous area of the first side 315 of the shell314 is free from the body adhesive. In this continuous area, thebreathability, flexibility, and/or stretchability of the shell 314 canbe maintained to some extent even when non-breathable, nonflexible,and/or non-stretchable adhesive 344 is used. It is understood that thedots can be other than circular and any suitable size without departingfrom the scope of this invention. For example, the dots can betriangular, square, diamond, or any other suitable shape or combinationof shapes. It is also understood that the adhesive 344 can be applied ina continuous area that forms discrete areas of the first side 315 of theshell that are free from the adhesive. It is further understood that theadhesive 344 can be breathable, flexible, and/or stretchable.

In the illustrated embodiment, the varying sizes of the discrete dotsand the varying spacing between the discrete dots provide a visual cueto the wearer that the density of the body adhesive 344 is varied indifferent portions of the first side 315 of the shell 314. These visualcues can convey to the wearer that the absorbent article 300 hassufficient adhesive strength to remain on the wearer's body during usewhile not being painful to remove, especially in more sensitive regionsof the female body such as those covered with pubic hair or have agreater density of pubic hair. The visual cues may also convey to thewearer that the shell 314, while bonded to the wearer, remainsbreathable during use and even has a greater degree of breathability inselected areas. Also, the visual cue may indicate to the wearer that theshell 314 remains flexible and/or stretchable even while bonded to thewearer's body.

For example, larger adhesive dots of adhesive 344 or the adhesive beingapplied in geometries with increased surface coverage and/or lessspacing between geometries or shapes will covey to the wearer theperception of increased attachment/bonding. More open space between thedots (or any other shape) of adhesive 344 or geometries will increasethe perception of breathability to the wearer. Smaller dots of adhesive344 or having more open space between the dots of adhesive in areas ofthe article 300 adapted to cover more sensitive regions of the femalebody will convey the perception of more comfortable attachment duringuse and release during removal. In one suitable embodiment, the visualcue has areas of open space resulting from smaller discrete dots and/orgreater spacing between the dots of adhesive 344 for conveying to thewearer that the shell 314 remains flexible and/or stretchable even whilebonded to the wearer's body.

In one suitable embodiment, the adhesive 344 can have differentformulations in different areas of the shell 314. For example, theadhesive 344 can have a first formulation with a first adhesive strengthin one or more areas of the shell 314 and a second formulation with asecond adhesive strength that is less than the first adhesive strengthin one or more other areas of the shell. The first formulation can beused in areas of the shell 314 were greater adhesive strength may bedesired, such as areas where more stress is applied to the adhesive dueto movement of the wearer. The second formulation, which has the loweradhesive strength, may be used in areas of the shell where less adhesivestrength may be desired, such as in more sensitive areas of the femalebody.

The adhesive strength of the adhesive 344 can also be varied indifferent areas of the shell 314 by varying the thickness of theadhesive. In one embodiment, thicker adhesive 344 results in greateradhesive strength of the adhesive. In another suitable embodiment, thethickness of the adhesive 344 can be greater in areas adapted to coverregions of the female body covered by pubic hair. This facilitates theadhesive 344 penetrating the pubic hairs of the wearer and adhering tothe wearer's skin beneath the hair. The thickness of the adhesive 344can be thinner in areas adapted to cover regions of the wearer free frompubic hair or areas having lesser pubic hair densities. In thisembodiment, the adhesive strength may be substantially the same ordifferent in the different areas of the shell. In one suitableembodiment, the adhesive strength is less in areas of the shell 314adapted to cover regions of the female body covered by pubic hair thanin areas of the shell adapted to cover regions of the female body withless or no pubic hair.

Other suitable visual cues may be provided instead of or in addition tothe variance in size and spacing of discrete dots of adhesive. Forexample, a colored adhesive can be used to provide a visual cue to thewearer that the density of adhesive 344 varies in different areas of theshell 314. The adhesive can be a single color or the color can vary indifferent areas corresponding to the different adhesive densities. Colorcan be described generally in terms of three elements, hue, chroma (orsaturation) and lightness (sometimes called value or brightness). Asused herein, varying or changing the color of the adhesive compriseschanging at least one of hue, chroma or lightness. In one suitableembodiment, the adhesive 344 has a first color in one or more areas ofthe shell 314 indicating that the adhesive in these areas has a firstadhesive strength and a second color in one or more different areas ofthe shell indicating that these areas have a second adhesive strengththat is less than the first adhesive strength. The color can be added tothe adhesive 344, printed on the adhesive, or printed on the shell 314beneath the adhesive. It is also contemplated that color can be printedon the first side 315 of the shell 314 in areas free of adhesive insteadof or in addition to providing color to the adhesive.

In one suitable embodiment, the adhesive 344 comprises an acrylate-basedadhesive and an adhesion modifier but it is understood that any suitableadhesive can be used (e.g., a silicone-based adhesive). It has beenfound that the adhesion modifier can allow the adhesive to have agreater bonding strength with a substrate, yet remain gentle on theskin's surface. In one embodiment, the skin-adhesive composition canfurther include at least one skin benefit agent for providing improvedskin health to the user. The acrylate-based adhesive may be anyacrylate-based adhesive known in the art, provided that the adhesive isnot a known irritant to human skin or that the adhesive is so aggressivethat it causes pain to the user/wearer when the absorbent article 300 isremoved from the skin. It is also desirable that the adhesive isselected such that the adhesive does not leave a substantial amount ofadhesive residue on the surface of the skin of the wearer when theabsorbent article 300 is removed by the wearer after use.

Suitable acrylate-based adhesive can typically be made from acrylatecopolymers and tackifiers as known in the art. For example, typicalacrylate-based adhesives include an alkyl acrylate, preferably amonofunctional unsaturated acrylate ester of a non-tertiary alkylalcohol, wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to about 14 carbon atoms.Included within this class of monomers are, for example, isooctylacrylate, isononyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, decyl acrylate,dodecyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and hexyl acrylate. In oneembodiment, the acrylate-based adhesive includes acrylate-based pressuresensitive adhesives including acrylate monomers such as isooctylacrylate, isononyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate. In another embodiment,the acrylate-based adhesives include polyacrylate hot-melt adhesives,such as the polyacrylate hot-melt adhesive, commercially available as NS34-546B from Henkel International.

Suitable adhesion modifiers include, for example, colloidal particles,crosslinked acrylate copolymers, and combinations thereof. Moreparticularly, colloidal particles well suited for use in the presentdisclosure include microcrystalline cellulose, fumed silica, silica,hydrated silica, and combinations thereof. Commercially availablecolloidal particles such as fumed silica (available as Cab-o-sil M5 fromCabot Corporation, Tuscola, Ill.) and blends of microcrystallinecellulose and cellulose gum (available as Avicel® 591 from FMCCorporation, Philadelphia, Pa.) are particularly suitable for use asadhesion modifiers.

In one suitable embodiment, the adhesion modifier may includepolymer-like network or matrix structure, such as cross-linked acrylatecrosspolymers. Cross-linked acrylate crosspolymers well-suited for usein the present disclosure include allyl methacrylates crosspolymer,allyl methacrylate/glycol dimethacrylate crosspolymer, laurylmethacrylate/glycol dimethacrylate crosspolymer and derivatives thereof.Suitable examples include Poly-Pore® E-200, Poly-Pore® L-200, Polytrap®7603 and Polytrap® 6603 Adsorber which are all available from AmcolHealth & Beauty Solutions (Arlington, Ill.). The Poly-Pore® andPolytrap® ingredients can be loaded with skin beneficial ingredientsprior to inclusion in the skin-adhesive combination or are availablepre-loaded from Amcol Health & Beauty Solutions as Polytrap® 6035Cyclomethicone, Polytrap® 7100 Dimethicone Macrobeads, Polytrap® 6500Dimethicone/Petrolatum Powder, Polytrap® 665TO (which is loaded withtocopherol), and Polytrap® 6038 Mineral Oil Macrobeads.

In one particularly suitable embodiment, both the shell 314 and theadhesive 344 applied to the shell are breathable. That is, they allowair to pass through. The adhesive 344 can be made breathable by themethod in which the adhesive 344 is applied to the shell 314 or byadding suitable additives (e.g., foam) to the adhesive to render itbreathable. Suitable methods for rendering the adhesive 344 breathableinclude melt-spraying and printing the adhesive 344 unto the shell 314.Melt-spraying and printing are known methods of applying adhesive to asubstrate (e.g., the shell 314). It is also understood that in someembodiments, the adhesive 344 may not be breathable. In theseembodiments, the adhesive 344 can be applied to the shell 314 using asuitable slot-coating method.

FIGS. 43-45 illustrate exemplary embodiments of non-uniform patterns ofbody adhesive 344. In FIG. 43, the non-uniform pattern of adhesive 344represents the pattern shown in FIG. 42 wherein the non-uniform patterncomprise a plurality of discrete circular dots that vary in spacing andsize. The density of the adhesive 344 decreases in the direction of thearrow 453 seen in FIG. 43, which is upward as viewed. FIGS. 44 and 45illustrate a non-uniform pattern comprising a continuous adhesive 344that defines a plurality of discrete areas that are not covered by theadhesive. Arrows 553 provided in FIG. 44 indicate the directions inwhich the adhesive 344 decreases in density from higher density areas toa lower density area. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 44, theadhesive 344 in higher density areas define small, generally circulardiscrete areas of exposed shell (i.e., not covered by adhesive). Theadhesive 344 in lower density areas define larger circular discreteareas and relatively small triangular discrete areas of exposed shell.FIG. 45 illustrates a continuous non-uniform pattern of adhesive 344similar to that shown in FIG. 44 except that in a lower density area theexposed areas of shell comprise larger circular discrete areas andrelatively small diamond shaped areas. It is understood that thediscrete areas of exposed shell can be other shapes and sizes withoutdeparting from the scope of this invention.

FIGS. 46 and 47 illustrate suitable adhesive patterns having a uniformpattern that can be used on the shell 314. FIG. 46, for example,illustrates a patterned adhesive 644 being applied to a substrate 614.The adhesive 644 comprises a plurality of discrete circular dots havingsubstantially the same size and with uniform spacing between the dots.FIG. 47 illustrates a patterned adhesive 744 applied to a substrate 714and having a plurality of discrete diamond shaped dots havingsubstantially the same size and with uniform spacing between the dots.It is understood that the adhesive can be applied in different uniformor non-uniform patterns (e.g., strips of adhesive) and the dots in theillustrated embodiments can have different shapes and sizes. In someembodiments having a uniform pattern adhesive, the density and/or theadhesive strength of the adhesive would generally be uniform throughoutthe exposed surface of the shell 314. In other embodiments having auniform pattern adhesive, the adhesive density and/or strength can benon-uniform in specific areas or throughout the exposed surface of theshell 314, such as by varying the adhesive formulation or the adhesivethickness.

FIGS. 48-50 illustrate different embodiments of absorbent articleshaving non-uniform adhesive patterns in the form of strips. In FIG. 48,for example, an adhesive 844 is placed on a shell 814 of an article 800in the form of strips that have varying widths. The widths of thediscrete strips of adhesive 844 increase toward the longitudinal axis ofthe article 800. In other words, the strip of adhesive 844 generallyaligned with the longitudinal axis of the article 800 has the greaterwidth and the widths of the stripes decrease as they approach thelateral sides 819 of the shell 814. In this embodiment, the adhesivestrength is greatest in the areas corresponding to the widest stripes ofadhesive 844 and decreases in the areas having narrower stripes. Theflexibility, stretchability, and breathability of the shell 814 aregreater in the areas having narrower stripes than in the areas havingwider stripes.

In FIG. 49, an adhesive 944 is applied to a shell 914 of an article 900in the form of stripes having varying widths. In this embodiment, thewidths of the discrete strips of adhesive 944 are greatest generallyadjacent the side edges of an absorbent structure 921 of the article andare narrower generally along the longitudinal axis of the article 900and adjacent each of lateral sides 919 of the shell 914. In thisembodiment, the adhesive strength is greatest in the areas correspondingto the widest stripes of adhesive 944 and decreases in the areas havingnarrowing stripes. The flexibility, stretchability, and breathability ofthe shell 914 are greater in the areas having narrower stripes than inthe areas having wider stripes.

FIG. 50 illustrates an adhesive 1044 is applied to a shell 1014 of anarticle 1000 in the form of stripes having varying widths. In thisembodiment, the widths of the discrete stripes of adhesive 1044 aregreatest generally adjacent lateral sides 1019 of the shell 1014 of thearticle 900. The widths of the stripes of adhesive 1044 are narrower asthey approach the side edges of an absorbent structure 1021 of thearticle 1000. In this embodiment, an area of the shell 1014corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the article 1000 and theadjacent surrounding areas are free from adhesive 1044 but it isunderstood that these areas can be coated with adhesive. In thisembodiment, the adhesive strength is greatest in the areas correspondingto the widest stripes of adhesive 1044 and decreases in the areas havingnarrower stripes. The flexibility, stretchability, and breathability ofthe shell 1014 are greater in the areas having narrower stripes than inthe areas having wider stripes.

Although the present invention has been described with reference tovarious embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize thatchanges may be made in form and detail without departing from the spiritand scope of the invention. As such, it is intended that the foregoingdetailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limitingand that it is the appended claims, including all equivalents thereof,which are intended to define the scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A feminine care absorbent article comprising: anabsorbent structure configured for disposition adjacent a femalewearer's vaginal region such that the absorbent structure is outside thefemale wearer's labia majora during use to absorb bodily fluidsdischarged by the wearer; and a shell for supporting the absorbentstructure at said vaginal region, the shell having a body-facing surfaceand a garment-facing surface, the body-facing surface having an adhesivethereon for adhering the shell directly to the wearer's body, the shellhaving a longitudinal axis, a transverse axis, and an anterior region,the adhesive having a non-uniform adhesive pattern, wherein thenon-uniform adhesive pattern comprises discrete dots of adhesive, atleast some of the discrete dots of adhesive vary in size and spacing andwherein the adhesive has an adhesive strength, the non-uniform adhesivepattern having a corresponding non-uniform adhesive strength over thebody-facing surface of the shell along the transverse axis in theanterior region such that a first portion of the anterior region nearthe longitudinal axis has a first adhesive strength, a second portion ofthe anterior region transversely outward of the first portion has asecond adhesive strength, and a third portion of the anterior regiontransversely outward of the second portion and adjacent a peripheraledge of the shell has a third adhesive strength, the second adhesivestrength being greater than each of the first and third adhesivestrengths.
 2. The feminine care absorbent article set forth in claim 1wherein the adhesive has a non-uniform density.
 3. The feminine careabsorbent article set forth in claim 1 wherein at least some of thediscrete dots of adhesive are generally circular.
 4. The feminine careabsorbent article set forth in claim 1 wherein the adhesive has anon-uniform color.
 5. The feminine care absorbent article set forth inclaim 1 wherein the adhesive has a uniform color.
 6. The feminine careabsorbent article set forth in claim 1 wherein the adhesive has acontinuous pattern defining discrete areas of exposed shell.
 7. Thefeminine care absorbent article set forth in claim 1 wherein theabsorbent structure is adhered to the shell.
 8. The feminine careabsorbent article set forth in claim 1 wherein the absorbent article isselected from a group consisting of a pantiliner, a sanitary napkin, andan incontinence article.
 9. The feminine care absorbent article setforth in claim 1 wherein a longitudinal edge of the anterior region hasa concave shape.
 10. A feminine care absorbent article comprising: anabsorbent structure configured for disposition adjacent a femalewearer's vaginal region such that the absorbent structure is outside thefemale wearer's labia majora during use to absorb bodily fluidsdischarged by the wearer; and a shell for supporting the absorbentstructure at said vaginal region, the shell having a body-facing surfaceand a garment-facing surface, the body-facing surface having an adhesivethereon for adhering the shell directly to the wearer's body, the shellhaving a longitudinal axis, a transverse axis, and an anterior region,the adhesive having a non-uniform pattern, the body-facing surfacehaving a visual cue associated with the adhesive for conveying thepresence of the adhesive to the wearer, wherein the non-uniform adhesivepattern comprises discrete dots of adhesive, at least some of thediscrete dots of adhesive vary in size and spacing to define the visualcue and wherein the adhesive has an adhesive strength, the non-uniformadhesive pattern having a corresponding non-uniform adhesive strengthover the body-facing surface of the shell along the transverse axis inthe anterior region such that a first portion of the anterior regionnear the longitudinal axis has a first adhesive strength, a secondportion of the anterior region transversely outward of the first portionhas a second adhesive strength, and a third portion of the anteriorregion transversely outward of the second portion and adjacent aperipheral edge of the shell has a third adhesive strength, the secondadhesive strength being greater than each of the first and thirdadhesive strengths.
 11. The feminine care absorbent article set forth inclaim 10 wherein the visual cue comprises a colored adhesive.
 12. Thefeminine care absorbent article set forth in claim 11 wherein theadhesive on the shell has a non-uniform pattern.
 13. The feminine careabsorbent article set forth in claim 12 wherein the shell has a firstregion and a second region, the adhesive in the first region having afirst color and the adhesive in the second region having a second colorthat is different than the first color.
 14. The feminine care absorbentarticle set forth in claim 13 wherein the color of the adhesive isindicative of the adhesive strength of the adhesive.
 15. The femininecare absorbent article set forth in claim 10 wherein the visual cueassociated with the adhesive for conveying the presence of the adhesiveto the wearer is a first visual cue and the article comprises a secondvisual cue different from the visual cue for conveying the relativebreathability of the article to the wearer.
 16. The feminine careabsorbent article set forth in claim 15 wherein the first visual cuecomprises varying the sizes of discrete dots of adhesive and the secondvisual cue comprises varying the spacing between the discrete dots. 17.The feminine care absorbent article set forth in claim 10 wherein theabsorbent structure is adhered to the shell.
 18. The feminine careabsorbent article set forth in claim 10 wherein the absorbent article isselected from a group consisting of a pantiliner, a sanitary napkin, andan incontinence article.
 19. The feminine care absorbent article setforth in claim 10 wherein a longitudinal edge of the anterior region hasa concave shape.
 20. A feminine care absorbent article comprising: anabsorbent structure configured for disposition adjacent a femalewearer's vaginal region such that the absorbent structure is outside thefemale wearer's labia majora during use to absorb bodily fluidsdischarged by the wearer; and a breathable shell for supporting theabsorbent structure at said vaginal region, the shell having abody-facing surface and a garment-facing surface, the body-facingsurface having an adhesive thereon for adhering the shell directly tothe wearer's body, the breathable shell having a longitudinal axis, atransverse axis, and an anterior region, the adhesive having anon-uniform pattern so that at least a portion of the body-facingsurface is free from adhesive for maintaining at least some of thebreathability of the shell in the area of the shell that is directlyadhered to the wearer's body, wherein the non-uniform adhesive patterncomprises discrete dots of adhesive, at least some of the discrete dotsof adhesive vary in size and spacing and wherein the adhesive has anadhesive strength, the non-uniform adhesive pattern having acorresponding non-uniform adhesive strength over the body-facing surfaceof the shell along the transverse axis in the anterior region such thata first portion of the anterior region near the longitudinal axis has afirst adhesive strength, a second portion of the anterior regiontransversely outward of the first portion has a second adhesivestrength, and a third portion of the anterior region transverselyoutward of the second portion and adjacent a peripheral edge of theshell has a third adhesive strength, the second adhesive strength beinggreater than each of the first and third adhesive strengths.
 21. Thefeminine care absorbent article set forth in claim 20 wherein theadhesive is breathable.
 22. The feminine care absorbent article setforth in claim 20 wherein the adhesive has a first adhesive strengthadjacent the absorbent structure and a second adhesive strength spacedfrom the absorbent structure, the second adhesive strength being lessthan the first adhesive strength for facilitating removal of the articlefrom the wearer's body.
 23. The feminine care absorbent article setforth in claim 20 wherein the shell comprises an anterior region, aposterior region, a central region between the anterior and posteriorregions, and a pair of spaced tabs in its anterior region, the tabshaving a greater adhesive strength than the other portions of theanterior region.
 24. The feminine care absorbent article set forth inclaim 20 wherein the absorbent structure is adhered to the shell. 25.The feminine care absorbent article set forth in claim 20 wherein theabsorbent article is selected from a group consisting of a pantiliner, asanitary napkin, and an incontinence article.
 26. The feminine careabsorbent article set forth in claim 20 wherein a longitudinal edge ofthe anterior region has a concave shape.